Bellringer: T1D15 What were the original goals for most of the Jamestown colonists? How did this go for them?

Ch. 3.2 New England Colonies U.S. History I Ch. 3.2 New England Colonies

Main Ideas: Dissent Persecute Puritan Separatist Pilgrim Mayflower Compact Toleration, etc.

Religious Reasons Unlike their Jamestown counterparts, the next people to arrive in the New World from England came for religious reasons. Henry VIII had created a new church but many dissented or disagreed with this. Some felt he should not have disobeyed the Pope (Catholics), while others thought that the Anglican church hadn’t gone far enough. Those who wanted to purify the church were known as Puritans while those who wanted to create an entirely separate church were called Separatists. However, the name they gave themselves was Pilgrims. Many of them came to the New World to practice religion as they saw fit.

Pilgrims & The Mayflower Not all of those who came on the Mayflower, the ship the Pilgrims took, were actually religious zealots. Only about 1/3rd of them were technically Pilgrims, the rest were average people looking for a new start. However, they are often all called pilgrims. They didn’t actually mean to land that far north, in Massachusetts. However, it was already getting cold (it was December), and so they decided to hurry and land and get ready for the winter. Their colony became known as Plymouth. Since they were so far north, they were outside the jurisdiction of the Virginia Company. Led by William Bradford, they drew up a formal document called the Mayflower Compact, which would govern them for the next several decades, and lay the foundations for future representative government. VID, Vid Mayflower Compact Activity; Thanksgiving Vid (John Billington*)

Political Cartoon Analysis Let’s look at these examples of a political cartoon (see handout):

“Join or Die,” by Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia, PA), May 9, 1754.

“Assimilation,” by Mike Keefe, The Denver Post (Denver, CO), April 4, 2006.

HW: Start thinking about an idea for a political cartoon that addresses the issue that you are interested in. www.cagle.com is a good resource for many political cartoons. Wrap-up: Take out an index card, and without looking (from memory), write down one of the Persuasive Techniques mentioned in class today, along with a definition and example (1 minute)

Bellringer: T1D16 Pretend that you are a person wanting to come to the New World and settle in an English Colony. What motivates you to migrate? Why do you do it? Write a paragraph explaining who you are, and your reasoning for going.

Ch. 3.2 New England Colonies, Part II U.S. History I Ch. 3.2 New England Colonies, Part II

Main Ideas: Toleration John Winthrop Massachusetts Bay Colony Great Migration Roger Williams King Philip’s War

New King, New Settlements Why, hello there! New King, New Settlements 1625 – King Charles I takes the English throne. He knuckles down on Puritans, and many decide that they need to leave. A win-win is reached: the Puritans are given a royal charter to settle a colony nearby Plymouth, to the north. Their colony becomes known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the city they found is later known as Boston. During the next several decades, many more Puritans arrive in the New World (+15,000), and this is known as the Great Migration. Led by their appointed Governor John Winthrop, they actually did well for themselves. VID

New World Politics Since the Puritans were so…”Pure”, they didn’t like being told what to do. So, while they allowed a decent amount of freedom to those that agreed with their religious beliefs, if you did not, then you got in trouble. They had little toleration for others who disagreed, and so other colonies were formed as a result of “dissatisfied customers” leaving to go do their own thing. For instance, Thomas Hooker, a Puritan minister, disagreed with how Winthrop was running things. He had heard that the Connecticut River Valley, to the SW of them, was a fertile place, so he and his congregation went there and settled Hartford. Eventually, Hartford and several other nearby small communities formed officially as a new colony, and created the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. These were the first real version of a written constitution in America. VID

Being Forced Out Not everyone left the Massachusetts Bay colony willingly. Roger Williams for instance was another minister who disagreed with the strictness of the Puritan community. He felt government should not force people to believe in a certain way (which was exactly what was happening in the Mass. Bay colony). He also disagreed with the policy of taking whatever land they could from the Native Americans. VID For these “radical” views, he was banished from the Mass. Bay colony in 1635. He and some follows left, and settled with the Narraganset Tribe, who sold them some land they could settle. They created the town of Providence, and he later got an official charter for what was called the Rhode Island & Providence Plantations (modern day Rhode Island). He allowed anyone there to practice any religion they wanted. Others followed his example; for example, John Wheelwright led some dissidents north to found Exeter, in what they called New Hampshire, and they signed an agreement which protected themselves and the natives, called the Wheelwright Deed. The area later became an independent colony in 1679.

Native American Conflicts Sadly, not everyone thought getting along with the Native Americans was a good idea. At first they mostly got along, and if not for the pity of the Native Americans, most if not all of the settlers in several of the colonies would have perished. However, to show their gratitude, many colonists simply settled where they wished, without payment or permission from the natives that already lived and hunted there. Some minor fighting broke out in 1636 with the Pequot people, whom the settlers (with help from other native tribes) wiped out in 1637. It was a bad omen. In 1675, the Wampanoag, led by Chief Metacomet, aka King Philip, had had enough of the English settlers. After some Wampanoags were tried and executed for murder, the rest of the Wampanoags retaliated, and hundreds of settlers were killed. VID As a result of what became known as King Philip’s War, the Wampanoags and other Native American allies were defeated, and New England was firmly under the control of the English Settlers as a result.

HW: Political Cartoon You will be creating a political cartoon that is based on the topics of this section. There are many topics you could cover: Hypocrisy of the Puritans Mistreatment of the Natives New Colonies, etc. Here’s a video that will help you better understand political cartoons and how to analyze them (and create your own!): VID Next, we’ll be creating a political cartoon for actual publication!