World War I Review December 2012

Underlying Causes of the War Militarism – building up the military to prepare for war Alliances – promising support for other counties in case of attack- made war escalate from local conflict to World War Imperialism – the scramble to obtain colonies for raw materials and new markets- power struggle between nations Nationalism –pride and love of country

Immediate Cause of the War Archduke Ferdinand and his wife – assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist in June of 1914 War began in August of 1914

Two Warring Sides Central Powers Allied Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia (1917) US (1917) Italy Serbia

The Fighting Trenches – no side was winning No mans land- land between two trenches Ground troops (American Expeditionary Force led by John Pershing) Most battles took place in France New technologies included Poison gas Machine guns Tanks Airplanes

Why did the US get involved For 3 years the US stayed neutral Not one single event… Sinking of the Lusitania – May 7, 1915 Zimmerman Telegram – February 1917 German Kaiser (emperor) ordered “Unrestricted U-Boat Warfare” Russian Revolution – 1917 Wilson- “World must be made safe for Democracy” April 1917 – the US entered the war, helped Allies in the final battles

Sinking of the Lusitania Germany introduced submarine warfare May 7, 1915 Wilson threatened to break off diplomatic relations with Germany

Zimmerman Telegram Note between Germany and Mexico Promised Mexico American land

Russian Revolution 1917 Russian people wanted to get rid of the Czar Russia left the war Encouraged President Wilson to ask Congress for a declaration of war

On the Home Front Prior to joining the war, the US benefited from the war because it sold food, arms and other supplies to the Allies Government controlled food and factory production, Food Administration Rationing- “Meatless Tuesdays” Women worked in factories Men (between the ages 21 and 30) had to register for the draft – Selective Service Act War Bonds/Victory bonds- raise money to help pay for war African American Northern Migration- more jobs

President Wilson’s Peace “14 Points for Peace” Didn’t want to punish Germany- provide just and lasting peace Wanted a League of Nations established to protect the independence of large and small nations Allied leaders rejected it because it wasn’t enough punishment for Germany starting the war The US Senate (led by Henry Cabot Lodge) didn’t like the idea of a League of Nations because it could involve the US in future wars

Treaty of Versailles Armistice signed in 1918 Big Four- Allied power- leaders Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war Germany had to pay reparations League of Nations set up (US Senate, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, never approved the League of Nations) After war America reused to join league and wished to go back into isolation

Vocabulary to know Armistice – agreement to end fighting Kaiser – German emperor Reparations – payments made for losses of war (damage)

WWI Timeline Triple Alliance formed/Triple Entente formed Archduke shot and WWI Begins Lusitania sunk Zimmerman Telegram sent Russian Revolution American troops arrive in France

principle does this show? Main idea? What government principle does this show?

Lodge is in support of what type of Foreign Policy and how do you know?

Who sent this notice? What happened soon after?

Main idea? Who does this cartoon represent?