ELEKTRONIČKA NAVIGACIJA LRIT – Long Range Identification and Tracking

Sustav praćenja i identifikacije brodova velikog dometa – LRIT   LRIT (Long Range Identification and Tracking of ships – LRIT) sustavom omogućena je identifikacija i praćenje brodova na globalnoj razini u sigurnosne svrhe.Sustav uspostavljen 19.05.2006. Brodovi su dužni odašiljati podatke ovlaštenim tijelima – državama zastava. Uz zahtjeve rezolucije A.694(17), brodski uređaj za odašiljanje LRIT podataka mora ispunjavati i zahtjeve definirane u rezoluciji MSC.263(84): automatski i samostalno odašiljati brodske podatke Podatkovnim centrima u vremenskim intervalima od 6 sati ili na zahtjev; pružati mogućnost daljinskog odašiljanja podataka, bez obzira gdje se brod nalazi, kako bi se LRIT podaci mogli primati u promjenjivim intervalima, u rasponu od 15 minuta do 6 sati; odašiljati podatke upravljanim (unaprijed zakazanim), odnosno pozivanim (na zahtjev) načinom rada; mora biti izravno spojen sa brodskom GNSS opremom, ili mora imati svoj izvor određivanja pozicije.

LRIT Prema SOLAS konvenciji od 1.1.2009., svi putnički brodovi, HSC brodovi, mobilni odobalni objekti i teretni brodovi veći od 300 GT trebaju biti opremljeni LRIT sustavom koji je reguliran od strane IMO-a Brodovi opremljeni LRIT sustavom imaju sposobnost odašiljanja identifikacijskih podataka i podataka o lokaciji broda LRIT sustav mora biti certificiran od strane ASP-a (Application Service Provider) priznat od administrativne strane LRIT testing ASP Vlade potpisnice LRIT projekta dužne su implementirati nacionalni LRIT podatkovni centar ili se pridružiti regionalnom LRIT podatkovnom centru za određeno područje s ciljem osiguranja razmjene podataka s brodova četiri puta dnevno LRIT sustav također omogućuje obalnim državama potpisnicama ovog projekta da identificiraju svaki brod na 1000 M udaljenosti od obale, neovisno o državnoj pripadnosti broda

Sustav praćenja i identifikacije brodova velikog dometa - LRIT LRIT sustav za jednosmjernu komunikaciju koristi postojeće satelitske sustave (Inmarsat i Iridium). U svakoj poruci, brodski LRIT uređaj odašilje identifikacijske podatke: (IMO broj i MMSI broj), geografsku poziciju broda te datum i vrijeme određivanja pozicije. Pozicija može biti određena pomoću integriranog GNSS prijamnika. Određena/odaslana pozicija temelji se na geografskim koordinatama u skladu sa WGS-84 geodetskim sustavom, a vremenska oznaka odaslane pozicije odnosi se na koordinirano svjetsko vrijeme (UTC). Jednom godišnje mora se izvršiti potpuno testiranje sustava, uključujući dostavu poruka administraciji, ovisno o državi zastave broda.  

Vremenski okvir implementacije LRIT sustava

IMO rezolucije vezane uz LRIT sustav MSC.1/Circ.1259/Rev.6  LRIT Technical documentation (part I) MSC.1/Circ.1294/Rev.4  LRIT Technical documentation (part II) MSC.1/Circ.1295  Guidance in relation to certain types of ships which are required to transmit LRIT information, on exemptions and equivalents and on certain operation matters MSC.1/Circ.1298  Guidance on the implementation of the LRIT system MSC.1/Circ.1307  Guidance on the survey and certification of compliance of ships with the requirement to transmit LRIT information MSC.1/Circ.1338  Guidance to search and rescue services in relation to requesting and receiving LRIT information MSC.1/Circ.1376/Rev.2  Continuity of service plan for the LRIT system MSC.1/Circ.1412/Rev.1  Principles and guidelines relating to the review and audit of the performance of LRIT Data Centres and the International LRIT Data Exchange MSC 86/INF.16  LRIT Data Distribution Plan - Accessing and entering information Guidance notes for Contracting Governments Developmental and integration testing Guidance notes for LRIT Data Centres MSC.1/Circ.1259/Rev.7 (draft version)  LRIT Technical documentation (part I) MSC.1/Circ.1294/Rev.5 (draft version)  LRIT Technical documentation (part II)

IMO rezolucije vezane uz LRIT sustav Resolution MSC.202(81)  2006 SOLAS (chapter V) amendments Resolution MSC.211(81)  Arrangements for the timely establishment of the Long range identification and tracking system Resolution MSC.242(83)  Use of Long-range identification and tracking information for safety and marine environmental protection purposes Resolution MSC.263(84)  Revised performance standards and functional requirements for the long-range identification and tracking of ships Resolution MSC.264(84)  Establishment of the International LRIT Data Exchange on an interim basis Resolution MSC.275(85)  Appointment of the LRIT Coordinator Resolution MSC.276(85)  Operation of the International LRIT Data Exchange on an interim basis Resolution MSC.297(87)  Establishment of the International LRIT Data Exchange Resolution MSC.298(87)  Establishment of a distribution facility for the provision of LRIT information to security forces operating in waters of the Gulf of Aden and the western Indian Ocean Resolution MSC.322(89)  Operation of the International LRIT Data Exchange Resolution MSC.330(90)  Adoption of amendments to the Revised performance standards and functional requirements for the long- range identification and tracking of ships (Resolution MSC.263(84)) Resolution MSC.331(90)  Adoption of amendments to Resolution MSC.298(87) on Establishment of a distribution facility Resolution MSC.361(92)  Operation of the International LRIT Data Exchange after 2013 Resolution MSC.400(95)  Amendments to the Revised performance standards and functional requirements for the long-range identification and tracking of ships (Resolution MSC.263(84)) Authorized testing ASPs  List of application service providers authorized to conduct conformance tests and issue LRIT Conformance test reports on behalf of the Administrations (extracted from GISIS).

LRIT Svaka država potpisnica dužna je osnovati nacionalni LRIT podatkovni centar ili se pridružiti regionalnom LRIT centru, isto tako država je dužna odrediti ASP (Application Service Provider) koji će upravljati komunikacijama između brodova Podatkovni centar (Data Centre) prikuplja podatke brodova svih zastava i unosi ih u međunarodni LRIT sustav putem baze podataka za međunarodnu razmjenu (International Data Exchange) koristeći određene LRIT protokole Nacionalni centri imaju mogućnost komunikacije sa ostalim centrima i razmjene potrebnih podataka, te imaju mogućnost identifikacije svih brodova do 1000 M udaljenosti od obale neovisno o zastavi broda CLS – Collect Localisation Satellites – ASP

CLS – LRIT partner CLS- Collecte Localisation Satellites) proposes a complete range of LRIT products and services, from implementing LRIT data centers to providing satellite data (Application Service Provider) and may also furnish LRIT compliant terminals. CLS has operated satellite systems for vessel tracking and location services for over 20 years, thus offering you the best possible accompaniment in LRIT implementation. CLS provides the following LRIT services: Application Service Provider (ASP) to provide satellite communications from ships to LRIT Data Centres, via Inmarsat and Iridium Testing ASP: initial testing of ship terminals to verify their compliance with LRIT specifications LRIT Data Centre (DC): CLS can design, deliver and operate data centres for maritime administrations. The DCs are hosted either by the administrations or by CLS LRIT compliant ship terminals, based on the Iridium satellite system.

CLS Main references are: the European Union LRIT DC, operated by EMSA on behalf of 27(28) EU member states (plus Iceland and Norway) Vanuatu DC Chile DC Authorized Testing ASP for all EU member states and several other Flag states, including Vanuatu, Kiribati and Tuvalu. The European LRIT Data Centre is one of the largest LRIT DC with around 10,000 ships and is a major contribution to the EMSA mission to ensure the highest level of maritime safety, security and environmental protection around the European coasts. The EU LRIT DC is managed by EMSA on behalf of all the EU Member States, plus Iceland and Norway. All 28 European member states (plus Iceland and Norway) have customized data access.

CLS – authorised testing ASP Authorized Testing ASP, CLS issues LRIT Conformance Test Reports on behalf of most Flag authorities. CLS will forward all successful test results directly to your Flag administration. Our testing ASP procedures follow the  MSC.1/Circ.1307  dated 9 June 2009. CLS has operated satellite systems for over 20 years, specializing in vessel tracking and location services. CLS operates 40 instruments on board 30 satellites. Its Processing Centre is operational 24h a day, 365 days a year and has also a crash recovery centre which ensures an extremely reliable service.

LRIT – conformance testing In order to comply with the LRIT regulation, the LRIT communication capabilities of the onboard equipment will have to be certified by an ASP (Application Service Provider) recognized by the Administration, or an authorized LRIT Testing ASP. These Testing ASPs can issue Conformance Test Reports (CTR) for the terminals that pass the test. Each terminal must be tested by an authorized Testing ASP to attest its LRIT conformance.