The Renaissance 1350-1600

Unit Objectives To understand the characteristics of Renaissance art, literature, government, and philosophy To recognize and identify examples of intellectual, political, and artistic components of the Renaissance To learn the causes and impacts of the Renaissance To identify Renaissance artists, their work, and the significance of their work

The Renaissance CULTURAL AWAKENING THAT CAUSED EUROPEANS TO DEVELOP NEW ATTITUDES ABOUT THE WORLD AROUND THEM Transition period from the Middle Ages to modern times Where did the Renaissance begin?

THE CITY-STATES OF ITALY Why there?

CENTER OF TRADE, SO LOTS OF MONEY TO SPEND ON ART MANY “PATRONS” OF THE ARTS (PEOPLE WHO SUPPORTED ARTISTS) IN ITALY LIKE LORENZO DE MEDICI 3. HISTORY AND TRADITION

What caused the Renaissance What caused the Renaissance? What changed in Europe that moved the kingdoms there from the “Dark Ages” to a more cultured and educated society?

GROWTH OF NEW EMPIRES AND MORE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN EMPIRES DISSATISFACTION WITH GOVERNMENTS AND CHURCH BECAUSE OF WARS AND PLAGUE WRITERS AND ARTISTS STARTED TO EXPRESS THIS DISSATISFACTION WITH NEW STYLES

Humanism (ID) STRONG INTEREST IN ANYTHING CLASSICAL (WRITING, ART, LITERATURE, ETC.) WITH A FOCUS ON HUMAN POTENTIAL AND ACHIEVEMENTS Much of Humanist art focused on realistic portrayals of the human body

Revival of Greek and Latin work Revival of many Greek and roman beliefs (seeking fulfillment in daily life, individuals have dignity and worth, people participating in a variety of activities)

What made these new ideas and art so popular?

Humanist Schools People had a thirst for knowledge Humanists began to start schools that became very popular—before the only schools were religious schools Subjects like history, literature, and philosophy (Humanities) allowed people to study, learn, and debate without having to become an official of the Church These schools also offered the opportunity to consider new ideas and philosophies that were not supported by the Church New forms of writing like sonnets More and more Humanists wrote in common languages rather than Latin increasing their popular appeal and access by everyday people rather than just academics

What were the results of the spread of Humanism?

MANY OLD TRADITIONS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS WERE CHALLENGED MANY NEW DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS

BIRTHPLACE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE Three Italian city-states emerged as leaders of the Renaissance: Florence, Rome, and Venice Florence: BIRTHPLACE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE Rome: Replaced Florence as the leading city-state of the Renaissance because of the influence of the Church and the Renaissance art became much more focused on religion Venice: Replaced Rome due to its wealth from trade—more people there could afford to patronize the arts

Renaissance art became much more lifelike, realistic, & emotional Architecture returned to the classical style (columns, arches, etc.) Sculptures became more classical (many life-likes and nude statues similar to Greek and Roman works) Paintings became more realistic and emotional

Ninja Turtles Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa, Last Supper, inventor Michelangelo: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, The David Donatello: First to sculpt in bronze, David Rafael: School of Athens, several paintings of the Madonna

Renaissance Writers Shakespeare: Wrote about the human condition and psychology of humans including topics like jealousy and ambition Thomas More: Wrote Utopia about a perfect society

The Renaissance began to spread from Italy to the rest of Europe due to war, travel, trade, and the printing press (Cultural Diffusion) Johann Gutenberg (ID): IMPROVED THE PRINTING PRESS (MOVEABLE TYPE) AND BROUGHT IT TO EUROPE

Christian Humanism Humanism aimed at reforming the Catholic Church Believed in the ability of humans to reason and improve themselves Centered in Northern Europe

Christian Humanism The Renaissance in Northern Europe was more religious and began to call for reform of the Catholic Church Erasmus: MOST FAMOUS CHRISTIAN HUMANIST; CRITICIZED THE CATHOLIC CHURCH FOR ITS EXTRAVAGANCE & CORRUPTION OF POPES

The Renaissance did not come to England until 1485 when the War of the Roses ended (dispute over the rightful heir to the throne between the Yorks and the Tudors—the Tudors won) English humanists focused on social issues

Catholic Church The Church embraced the art of the Renaissance but not the philosophies and ideas of it or the Humanists because they challenged Church teachings and its authority

Where did the Renaissance begin? England France Italy Germany

Which of the following was true about “Humanism”? Humanists focused on the classics Humanists focused on human potential and achievements Humanists were influenced by Greek and Latin work Humanists created schools that were so popular they began to replace Church schools

What impact did the spread of Humanism have? There were many new inventions People began questioning the old traditional beliefs People stopped going to Church Kings gained power

What impact did Lorenzo de Medici have on the Renaissance? He founded it He supported many artists as a “patron of the arts” He opposed it as a poor influence on the people He was the leading Humanist

What impact did Gutenberg have on the Renaissance? He founded it He was its leading Humanist He helped spread the Renaissance with his invention He opposed the Renaissance because he thought it was a poor influence on his people