Internet2: New Dimensions in Collaboration FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION SENIOR SCIENCE COUNCIL Gary R. Bachula, Vice President for External Relations, Internet2 This is a general overview presentation about Internet2. Internet2 is a consortium, led by US universities, which is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today’s Internet in its infancy. December 13, 2001

Internet2 Universities 189 Universities as of December 2001 This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus. 2/2/2019

Internet2 Corporate Partners 3Com AT&T Cisco Systems Eli Lilly General Electric Hitachi IBM Intel Corporation Johnson and Johnson Lucent Technologies Marconi Communications Microsoft Motorola Nortel Networks Qwest Pfizer SBC Communications Siemens SUN Microsystems Verizon WorldCom This is the latest list of Internet2 Corporate Partners. Corporate partners have committed to providing over US$1million in support of collaborations with Internet2 universities. 2/2/2019

Internet2 Affiliate Members Alabama Supercomputer Authority Alliance for Higher Education Army Systems Engineering Office Assn. Of Univs. For Research in Astronomy Bradley University CERN NOAA, NIST, NTIA – Boulder Labs DePaul University Desert Research Institute EDUCAUSE Ellemtel ERIM EROS Data Center (USGS) Howard Hughes Medical Institute Jet Propulsion Laboratory Merit Network, Inc. Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA) National Institutes of Health NOAA National Science Foundation New World Symphony NYSERNet, Inc. Southeastern Universities Research Assn Southwest Research Institute Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation UCAR & NCAR 2/2/2019

Internet2 Mission Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet. This is the Internet2 mission. 2/2/2019

Abilene Network Core Map, October 2001 2/2/2019

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Middleware A layer of software between the network and the applications Authentication Identification Authorization Directories Security Middleware is a layer of software between the network and applicaitons 2/2/2019

Advanced Applications Distributed computation Virtual laboratories Digital libraries Distributed learning Digital video Tele-immersion All of the above in combination Advanced applications com in many flavors, and those flavors can be combined. Advanced applications share the characteristic that they require advanced network capabilities to work—they either don’t work at all, or won’t work well on today’s Internet. Enabling advanced applications is at the heart of Internet2. 2/2/2019

Virtual Laboratories Space Physics & Aeronomy Research Collaboratory (SPARC) University of Michigan NSF Here are pictures of various applications already in use: 1) the Upper Atmosphere research Collaboratory (UARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments in Greenland w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research. 2&3) Pictures of a the output from a scanning electron microscope--allows access to expensive, specialized equipment by students--allows them to control in the microscope and see the output as if they were in the same room --These both require advanced network capabilities to work--either don’t work, or won’t work well on today’s internet. 2/2/2019

Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Distributed nanoManipulator This is an application which allows remote control of an electron microscope that can actually move molecules around. The application also provides “force feed-back” to the remote operator. 2/2/2019

Virtual Laboratories Mauna Kea Observatories AURA University of Hawaii Here are pictures of various applications already in use: 1) the Upper Atmosphere research Collaboratory (UARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments in Greenland w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research. 2&3) Pictures of a the output from a scanning electron microscope--allows access to expensive, specialized equipment by students--allows them to control in the microscope and see the output as if they were in the same room --These both require advanced network capabilities to work--either don’t work, or won’t work well on today’s internet. 2/2/2019

Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center 3-D Brain Mapping Here are some examples of various applications already in use: This application links an MRI machine with a supercomputer to produce 3-D visualizations of the neurons in a patient’s brain firing in real-time. The resulting animation can be viewed by any doctor that has access to high-performance networking. These capabilities transform the process of visualizing a patient’s brain—a process that normally takes days—and allows doctor’s to work in ways not previously possible. 2/2/2019

Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago Tele-immersion Shared virtual reality University of Illinois at Chicago Virtual Temporal Bone This is a program that allows a doctor to share a 3-D image of a complex piece of anatomy (the inner ear) with students in a way that makes teaching the anatomy much easier. By making this interactive capability available over the network, a doctor can teach students remotely. Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago 2/2/2019

Teaching Music with Advanced Network Videoconferencing University of Oklahoma Real-time interaction with the world’s foremost master teachers of music Accurate representation of sound Supplement to traditional music teaching By using videoconferencing over high-performance networks, students in Oklahoma can interact, in real-time, with some of the world’s foremost master teachers of instrumental music. Music faculty have the opportunity to extend their teaching worldwide and to collaborate remotely with colleagues anywhere. Internet2 provides sufficient bandwidth and minimal network delay to allow the type of full-motion (30-frames per second) video and accurate representation of sound that make it feasible for classical musicians to collaborate from remote locations. This technology will never replace live, in-person music teaching; but serves as a supplement to the traditional music-teaching environment. http://music.ou.edu/internet2/ 2/2/2019

Realistic, Life-Sized, 3D Tele-Immersion Advanced Network & Services, Brown University, University of North Carolina, University of Pennsylvania Brings together geographically distant participants and shared virtual objects Tele-immersive recreation of office environment The Tele-Immersion Project is working to bring together geographically distant participants in a realistic, tele-immersive recreation of their real environments. Project collaborators envision an Office of the Future where computer vision, networking, and computer graphics techniques are used to capture a dynamic 3D model of one office—including walls, furniture, objects, and people—and then re-create a virtual representation in a similarly-equipped remote office. The Internet2 networks offer a high-performance testbed for this research, which demands high bandwidth and low latency to support real-time interaction between remote users and shared virtual objects. http://www.cs.unc.edu/Research/stc/office/ 2/2/2019

www.internet2.edu

Internet2 Health Sciences Mary Kratz Manager, Internet2 Health Sciences FDA Senior Science Council December 13, 2001 December 13, 2001

FDA Mission: What does this mean to Internet2? FDA's mission is to promote and protect the public health by helping safe and effective products reach the market in a timely way, and monitoring products for continued safety after they are in use. Our work is a blending of law and science aimed at protecting consumers. 2/2/2019

Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet Initiative IT R&D University-led Federal agency-led Developing education and research driven applications Agency mission-driven and general purpose applications Building out campus networks, gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop infrastructure Funding research testbeds and agency research networks Internet2 works closely with the federal agencies involved in the Next Generation Internet initiative. Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced networking capabilities needed to support advanced research and education applications 2/2/2019

Challenges DHHS lack of national vision in US Critical, long-term research, technology and policy issues must be addressed Integrated decision-support systems Lack of expertise at nexus of health and computing/communications IT innovation NOT a medical investment Role and management of IT in DHHS 2/2/2019

Recommendations Establish pilot projects and technology centers Scalable Information Infrastructure Privacy legislation enacted by Congress Establish programs to increase expertise Outline of DHHS IT vision DHHS senior information technology leader appointment and appropriate resources to carry vision forward 2/2/2019

R&D Topics Multi Center Clinical Trails Knowledge Management Biologics Pharmaceuticals to market faster Medical device validation Biologics Blood product information management Vaccines 2/2/2019

Download of “The Matrix” DVD (Comparison of the Internet2 Land Speed Record) 2/2/2019

The Scope of the Internet2 Health Science Workgroup includes clinical practice, medical and related biological research, education, and medical awareness in the Public. Enigma Machine and Bombe Armed forces have always been dependent on communications. During World War II, the German Army and Navy tried to keep their communications secret by using encryption devices called Enigma machines. These sophisticated coding devices could generate over 1 trillion different coding patterns. The Germans believed they were too sophisticated for Allied forces to break them. But in one of the best-kept secrets of the war, first the Poles, and later the British and Americans succeeded in deciphering messages. The wooden device in the foreground is a 4 rotor German Enigma machine, used for encoding. The large machine in the background is a "Bombe," used for breaking the code. Working out the details of codebreaking machines was one of the developments that fostered electronic computers. Smithsonian Photo by Laurie Minor-Penland. December 13, 2001

Roadmap Networking Health: Prescriptions for the Internet National Research Council Report Current and future Internet Released 24 February 2000 National Academy Press ISBN 0-309-06843-6 2/2/2019

Challenges to Health Sciences "The medical research revolution is happening!  90% of data collected today will never be seen by a human eye.  This is everyone's problem. We must manage a growing amount of data to secure knowledge for the future." - Michael Marron, NIH 2/2/2019

More Internet2 Information On the Web www.internet2.edu Email Mkratz@internet2.edu info@internet2.edu For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact info@internet2.edu directly by email. 2/2/2019

www.internet2.edu