Lessons 29-30 Adjectives Used As Nouns Pluperfect (Past Perfect) Tense Future Perfect Tense Dec. 9-15, 2014

Adjectives Used As Nouns

Adjectives Used As Nouns Sometimes adjectives are used as nouns in Latin. This happens occasionally in English, too! Why do the good die young? (Why do the good people die young?)

Adjectives Used As Nouns In Latin, any adjective can be used as a noun. Bonus, bona, bonum the good man the good woman the good thing

Adjectives Used As Nouns You can decline them, make them plural, etc. BonI, bonae, bona the good men the good women the good things

Perfect Tense Pluperfect (Past Perfect) Tense Future Perfect Tense Perfect System Tenses Perfect Tense Pluperfect (Past Perfect) Tense Future Perfect Tense

The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. duco ducere duxi doctus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. duxi - i = dux

Perfect Active Tense i imus istis isti erunt it The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings Singular Plural First Person i I imus we istis Second Person isti you you he, she, it erunt they Third Person it Perfect Active Endings

Perfect Active dux i dux imus dux istis dux isti dux dux erunt it First Person dux i I led I have led I did lead dux imus We led We have led We did lead You led You have led You did lead Second Person dux istis dux isti You led You have led You did lead Third Person dux it dux erunt They led They have led They did lead He led He has led He did lead Perfect Active

Past Perfect/Pluperfect Tense had -ERA- had -ERA- had had had -ERA-

E. Rat HAD the flu last winter.

Past Perfect/Pluperfect Tense had -ERA- had -ERA- had had had -ERA-

Past Perfect/Pluperfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + era + Personal Endings I had led dux era m You had led dux era s He had led dux era t dux era mus We had led dux era tis You had led nt dux They had led era

Future Perfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + eri + Present Endings Pluperfect Active dux er o I will have led dux eri s You will have led dux eri t He will have led dux eri mus We will have led You will have led dux eri tis They will have led dux eri nt