Circulatory System

The Circulatory System Purpose: to deliver and remove substances from every cell in the body. Substances Delivered to the Cells oxygen and food(nutrients) like mail carriers Substances Removed from the Cells carbon dioxide and chemical waste (urea, excess salt and excess water) like trash collectors

Functions of Circulatory System 1. Deliver oxygen and food to the body cells. 2. Remove carbon dioxide and waste from the body cells. 3. Provide defense against foreign invaders 4. Acts as a chemical messenger between organs. 5. Maintains HOMEOSTASIS

Do Now List the 5 functions of the circulatory system

Heart Facts … Is an organ made of cardiac muscle tissue. Is about the size of your fist and is located in the center of your chest. Works as a pump; 5 liters of blood/min, 1800 gallons of blood per day!

This means it has two parts. Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts. Lungs Body cells the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood. (Oxygen Poor) the left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood. (Oxygen Rich)

How does this system work? pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary vein head & arms aorta main vein Right Left liver digestive system kidneys legs Circulatory System

now lets look inside the heart This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs. These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart. Right and Left Atrium Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply Right and left ventricles The heart has four chambers now lets look inside the heart

1 9 5 6 7 3 8 4 Septum 10 2

The Heart Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body Vein from Head and Body Vein from Lungs Right Atrium Left Atrium valve valve Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Septum- wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart

Chambers (Sections) of the Heart -Heart is divided into a right and left side Chamber Location Receives blood from: Pumps blood to: Right Atrium Upper Chamber The Body Ventricle Right Ventricle Lower Chamber Lungs Left Upper Chamber Lower

blood from the lungs blood from the body How does the Heart work? STEP ONE blood from the body blood from the lungs The heart beat begins when the heart muscles relax and blood flows into the right and left atrium.

How does the Heart work? STEP TWO The atria then contract and the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles.

The cycle then repeats itself. How does the Heart work? STEP THREE The valves close to stop blood flowing backwards. The ventricles contract forcing the blood to leave the heart. At the same time, the atria are relaxing and once again filling with blood. The cycle then repeats itself.

The Amazing Double Pump Why is the Heart called A double pump?

Do Now List the pathway taken by blood through the heart starting at the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Include the NAMES of all veins and arteries.

Three pathways of Circulation 1. Pulmonary (lungs) Circulation: Blood to and from the lungs. 2. Systemic Circulation: Blood to and from the body cells. 3. Coronary circulation: Blood to and from the heart muscle.

Three Pathways Pulmonary Pulmonary Systemic Systemic Coronary

blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels a. ARTERY b. VEIN c. CAPILLARY

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. The ARTERY Arteries carry blood away from the heart. the elastic fibers allow the artery to stretch under pressure thick muscle and elastic fibers the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.

Veins carry blood towards the heart. The VEIN Veins carry blood towards the heart. Veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction. thin muscle and elastic fibers Body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.

The CAPILLARY Capillaries link Arteries with Veins They exchange materials between the blood and other body cells. the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.

Do Now List the five functions of the circulatory system List the three pathways of circulation (and what each one flows through) List the three types of blood vessels Try not to use your notes!!!!

Capillary Bed: Where veins and arteries Meet. Capillary walls are only 1 cell Thick. Why?

Only 1 blood cell passes through the capillary at a time. The capillary wall is so thin that the oxygen diffuses right through to the cells. O2 O2 O2 Oxygen CO2

what’s in BLOOD digested food red blood cells white blood cells oxygen waste (urea) platelets carbon dioxide hormones plasma

Blood Blood makes up about 7% of your body's weight. An average adult has about 14 to 18 pints of blood. One standard unit or pint of blood equals about two cups. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all of the body. Blood carries carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and liver for disposal.

The Blood white blood cell red blood cell plasma platelets

Red Blood Cells Contains hemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it. Also contains iron. a red disc that is round and flat without a nucleus can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries.

Hemoglobin Hemoglobin binds to and carries oxygen. Hemoglobin contains iron. Each red blood cell contains about 250 million hemoglobin molecules 

Hemoglobin

White Blood Cells Defense System They are very large and contain a big nucleus. Defense System White blood cells seek out and destroy invaders such as bacteria and viruses.

Platelets Platelets are bits of cells broken off larger cells. Platelets make fibrin which is a substance that makes blood clot. The platelets form a net where blood cells get caught in.

Plasma The liquid part of blood. 95% of plasma is water, 5% is dissolved nutrients, proteins, and hormones. 55% of the blood is plasma Plasma’s job is to carry the blood cells and other nutrients.

Do Now Describe the 4 main parts of blood

Blood Type Everyone is born with a certain blood type that is inherited from your parents. Blood type is determined by a protein marker on the red blood cell. These proteins are called antigens.

Which is the universal receiver? Donor? Blood Types Type A Type B Type AB Type O Which is the universal receiver? Donor?

Can your blood be given to someone else? Yes, only if it is the blood type matches. What would happen if the blood type does NOT match?

Antigen: Antibody: Distinctive protein on the pathogen (bad guy) Protein that sticks to the antigen (made by WBCs in your body)

Every cell has a unique antigen Antigens

Antibodies Recognize Antigens White blood cells make antibodies. Antibodies stick to pathogens. White blood cells eat pathogens. White Blood Cell Antibody

WBC

Every cell has a unique antigen You do not make antibodies against your own antigens! Antibody Antigens

Inside Your Body… Flu Virus Your stomach cell

Some transplants are rejected by the body. Your heart muscle cell Heart Transplant Cell Some transplants are rejected by the body.

A Red Blood Cell from donated blood Your Red Blood Cell Some blood transfusions are rejected by the body.

Do Now Define Antigen Define Antibody Describe the relationship between the two

4 Blood Types A has a “A” antigen marker B has a “B” antigen

O has no antigen marker What does AB blood type have? Both A and B antigens.

Fill in the chart below: Blood Type Types it can receive Types it can donate to Type A Type B Type AB Type O

Rh Factor Rh factor in blood is inherited With the Rh factor = Rh+ Without the Rh factor = Rh- Rh- cannot receive blood from Rh+ Will form antibodies against the Rh+ blood

Mama Drama What may happen? Sometimes a Mother can have Rh- blood and her baby can have Rh+ blood What may happen?

To solve this issue the mother gets an injection at 28 weeks of pregnancy and immediately after the birth since there can still be blood exchange Prevents the mother from producing antibodies against the Rh+ (babies) blood

B

Safe Transfusions Blood Type Has Antibodies: Will Attack: Can Accept: AB O

Blood Transfusion Game http://nobelprize

SUMMARY copy and complete the following; Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot. away muscular towards capillaries plasma oxygen platelets