Makinat Virtuale.

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Presentation transcript:

Makinat Virtuale

Virtualizimi Virtualizimi ka te beje me “zgjerimin ose zevendesimin e nje nderfaqeje egzistuese me qellim qe te imitoje sjelljen e nje sistemi tjeter. Shembuj virtualizimi te sistemeve: VPN, memorie vituale, makine virtuale

Hardware and low-level systems software change quickly High-level software (middleware, applications) changes more slowly

Pedorimet me te zakonshme te virtualizimit Egzekutimi i nje SW legal ne HW jolegal Egzekutimi i SO-ve te shumefishta ne te njejtin HW Krijimi i nje path-i te menaxhueshem per upgrade Menaxhimi i gabimeve (te pritura dhe te papritura) ne menyre dinamike

Perdorime te zakonshme te virtualimit Ul kostot duke konsoliduar sherbimet ne numrin me te vogel te makinave fizike http://www.vmware.com/img/serverconsolidation.jpg

Data Centerat jo te virtualizuar Shume servera per shume pak pune Kosto e larte dhe nevojat e infrastruktures Mirmbajtje Networking Hapesira e dyshemes Ftohja Fuqia Rikthimi nga gabimet/deshtimet

Data Center Dinamik Virtualizimi na ndihmon te ndajme nje serbim per nje server Konsolidon shume sherbime ne nje numer me te vogel makinash kur ngarkessa eshte e ulet, duke ulur koston Sipas rastit, nese kerkesa per nje sherbim te caktuar mund te ngreme me shume makina virtuale per te egzekutuar kete sherbim. Ne mund te ndertojme nje data center me me pak burime ne total, meqe burimet perdoren sipas nevojes ne vend qe ti dedikohen serverave te vecante. Or sitting and waiting until the next spike in demand

Multipleksimi i ngarkeses se VM Separate VM sizing VM multiplexing s1 s2 s3 Ne presim qe s3 < s1 + s2. Benefit i multipleksimit! Multipleksimi i ngarkeses se VMs’ne te njejtin server fizik Agregoj ngarkesen e shumefishte. Vleresoj kapacitetin total te bazuar ne nevojen e hapesires qe lejon nje ngarkese e vetme. Niveli i peformances per cdo VM duhet te ruhet

Llojet e Virtualizimit Virtualizim i plote Paravirtualizimi Virtualizimi i asistuar ne nivel HW

Virtualizimi i plote Gjithshka virtualizohet Emulimi i plote i HW Emulimi = Vonese

Instruksionet e privilegjuara Instruksionet e privilegjit: Aksesi ne kernelin e OS dhe aksesi i driverave ne sistemin HW Trapped and emulated by VMM http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_%28computer_security%29 Privilege rings for the x86 available in protected mode Microsoft's Ring-1 design structure as part of their NGSCB initiative and hypervisors embedded in firmware such as Intel VT-x (formerly Vanderpool).

Pro dhe kundra – Virtualizimi i plote Rikthimi nga gabimet , deshtimet Zbatimi i teknikaliteteve virtuale Kodi i vertetuar n ne HW jo te vertetuar Kundra – Vonesa e 4 burimeve kryesore Performanca e RAM-it ulet nga 25% ne 75% Disk I/O degradon nga 5% ne 20% Performanca e rrjetit ulet deri ne 10% Instruksionet e privilegjuara zene hapesire nga 1% deri 7%

Paravirtualizimi Kerkesat: OS ose pajisjet e sistemit jane ne dijeni te virtualizimit Kerkesat: Niveli OS – kerneli rikomplilohet Niveli i Pajisjes– drivera te pajisjes te paravirtualizuara ose te “lehtesuara”

Paravirtualizimi Pro: e shpejte Kundra: kerkon nje OS guest te modifikuar ndaj kjo e limiton aftesine per egzektuim te kodit origjinal ne ambjentet e paravirtualizimit

Virtualizimi i asistuar ne nivel HW HW i serverit te virtualizuar eshte ne dijeni te virtualizimit Hypervizori dhe ngarkesa e Makines virtuale ne makine ne Ring -1 (firmware) Virtualizimi i memories realizohet ne berthamen AMD and Intel CPUs

Evolution of Software solutions* 1st Generation: Full virtualization (Binary rewriting) Software Based VMware and Microsoft 2nd Generation: Paravirtualization Cooperative virtualization Modified guest VMware, Xen 3rd Generation: Silicon-based (Hardware-assisted) virtualization Unmodified guest VMware and Xen on virtualization-aware hardware platforms Dynamic Translation Virtual Machine Hardware Operating System … VM VM … Virtual Machine Virtual Machine … Hypervisor Hypervisor Hardware Hardware Time Virtualization Logic *This slide is from Intel® Corporation

Shembull i thjeshte i virtualizimit Nese jeni nje pedorues i rregullt i kompjuterit, tashme duhet te jeni ne dijeni per particionet e HDD-se tuaj Ne Windows, particionet mund te emertohen si C:/, D:/, E:/ etj. Te gjitha particionet ne i quajme si drive te ndara. Ne gjithashtu e dime se nje kompjuter konsiston ne vetem nje hard drive te vetem. Kjo mund te quhet si virtualizim duke qene se jemi duke krijuar version virtual te nje hapesire te vetme HW Host- Sistemi operativ ku egzekutohet software i VIrtualizimit quhet host. Guest-Sistemi operativ qe egzekutohet brenda software-t te virtualizimit quhet guest apo mik.

Microsoft Virtual PC PC eshte nje produkt free i leshuar nga Microsoft Ai mund te egzekutoje cdo lloj OS si guest, por nje numer i vogel hostesh suportohen si me poshte: Windows Vista Business, Enterprise dhe Ultimate Windows Server 2003 Standart ( 32-bit dhe 64-bit) Windows XP Professional (32-bit dhe 64-bit) Kufizime :Nuk ofron support per pajisje USB dhe nuk mund te ruaje snapshote te shumefishta te nje makine virtuale Virtual PC eshte goxha i shpejte, vecanerisht nese ju doni te instaloni cdo version te Windows si nje SO guest.

Virtual Box VirtualBox eshte nje produkt per virtualizimin i leshuar nga Oracle. Virtual Box mund te egzekutohet ne shumicen e platformave duke perfshire Windows, Linux dhe Mac. Virtual Box eshte free dhe Open Source VirtualBox gjiithashtu vjen me nje pakete te zgjerueshme e cila mund te instalohet sebashku me Virtual Box ne menyre qe te mare funksionalitet shtese sic eshte suporti USB, lidhja remote desktop etj. Edhe pse VirtualBox egzekutohet ne OS Mac ai ka probleme ne stabiliet, ai duhet te perdoret ne ambjente ku Mac OS duhet te pedoret si OS host.

VMLITE WORKSTATION Serveri VMWare VMLite Workstation eshte nje produkt virtualizimi i bazuar ne VirtualBox (Open Source). Nje OS 64-bit ne nje SO host 32-bit. Nese jeni duke egzekutuar nje system Windows 7 32-bit, ju do te jeni ne gjendje te egzekutoni versionin 64-bit Windows XP qe e ndihmon VMLite Workstation. Serveri VMWare VMWare Server eshte nje software free per virtualizimin nga VMWare. VMWare Server i suporton te gjitha sistemet operative si guest ose hoste por OS 64-bit nuk mund te instalohet ne hoste 32-bit. VMWare Server suporton pajisjet USB dhe gjithashtu suporton nderfaqe rrjeti NAT, host edhe bridged.

Zgjidhje te tjera per virtualizimin zgjidhjet me pagese mund te jene te kenaqshme per ndermarjet e medha. VMWare Workstation eshte shume i ngjajshem me VMWare Server, por ende suportohet nga VMWare. QEMU eshte nje tjeter zgjidhje popullore per virtualizimin, por QEMU per Windows nuk ka. Vetem per Linux jane te gatshme shkarkimet e mundshme