New Rule for Steel Erection WAC 296-155-701 through -724 The Standard On the web GO

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Why the new rules?? OSHA studies of 673 fatalities among ironworkers highlighted common hazards Deaths were largely preventable by engineering & regulatory changes

= Outline -703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan & construction sequence -704 - Hoisting & rigging -706 - Structural steel assembly details -707 - Column anchorage -708 - Beams & columns -709 - Open web steel joists -711 - Systems engineered metal buildings -714 - Falling object protection -716 - Fall protection -717 - Training

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence Controlling contractor must provide written notification that concrete has attained 75% of design strength, or Sufficient strength to support the loads

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence Controlling contractor must ensure that adequate access roads are provided and maintained Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence Controlling contractor must ensure that a suitable space is provided for storage of materials and safe operation of hoisting operations

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence All hoisting operations must be preplanned to ensure all “working under loads” requirements are met

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence A site-specific erection plan may be developed to provide alternate means to protect employees Appendix A contains guidelines Example App A

An Example of “Alternate Means To Protect Employees” (e) Safety latches on hooks must not be deactivated or made inoperable except: (i) When a qualified rigger has determined that the hoisting and placing of purlins and single joists can be performed more safely by doing so; or (ii) When equivalent protection is provided in a site-specific erection plan.

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence “Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite.” TOC Next Section

Definition: Competent Person One who can identify existing or predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has the authorization or authority by nature of their position to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

Hoisting & Rigging The new section (WAC 296-155-704) and Both apply to hoisting and rigging Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Hoisting & Rigging Crane preshift visual inspection must be visually inspected by a competent person rule gives inspection minimums deficiencies must be evaluated immediately equipment posing a hazard must be placed out of service operator has authority to stop and refuse any loads until safety is assured Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Inspection Minimums: All control mechanisms for maladjustments; Control and drive mechanism for excessive wear of components and contamination by lubricants, water or other foreign matter; Safety devices, including boom angle indicators, boom stops, boom kick out devices, anti-two block devices, and load movement indicators where required; Air, hydraulic, and other pressurized lines for deterioration or leakage, particularly those which flex in normal operation; Hooks and latches for deformation, chemical damage, cracks, or wear; Wire rope reeving for compliance with hoisting equipment manufacturer's specifications; Electrical apparatus for malfunctioning, signs of excessive deterioration, dirt, or moisture accumulation; Hydraulic system for proper fluid level; Tires for proper inflation and condition; Ground conditions around the hoisting equipment for proper support, including ground settling under and around outriggers, ground water accumulation, or similar conditions; The hoisting equipment for level position; and The hoisting equipment for level position after each move and setup.

Hoisting & Rigging A qualified rigger must inspect the rigging prior to each shift Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Definition: Qualified person One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate or professional training, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project

Hoisting & Rigging Working under loads Routes for suspended loads must be preplanned to avoid endangering workers

Hoisting & Rigging When working under loads materials must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement hooks must have self-closing safety latches or equivalent all loads must be rigged by a qualified rigger

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure only when: a multiple lift rigging assembly is used specifically within manufacturer’s specifications & limitations maximum of 5 members hoisted per lift only beams & similar structural members are lifted only trained employees involved Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure Bundles of decking are NOT appropriate for multiple lift. Even though metal decking meets the definition of structural members

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure Components of the multiple lift rigging assembly must be specifically designed and assembled with a maximum capacity for total assembly and for each individual attachment point. Based on manufacturer’s specifications with a 5 to 1 safety factor on all components

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure Total load must not exceed rated capacity as specified in the hoisting equipment load charts and rigging capacity specified in the rigging-rating charts

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure Controlled load lowering must be used whenever the load is over the connectors TOC Next Section

Structural Steel Assembly Structural stability maintained at all times during the erection process Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses Within 8 floors of the concrete, or Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Structural Steel Assembly Structural stability maintained at all times during the erection process Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses Within 8 floors of the concrete, or no more than 4 floors (or 48’) of unfinished bolting or welding above secured floor

Structural Steel Assembly Walking/working surfaces Elimination of tripping hazards: no shear connectors or other similar devices …until after walking/working surface has been installed. Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Structural Steel Assembly Plumbing up When deemed necessary by a competent person: Plumbing up equipment must be installed in conjunction with the steel erection process to ensure stability of the structure. Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Structural Steel Assembly Plumbing up When necessary, plumbing up equipment must be in place and properly installed before the structure is loaded with construction material

Structural Steel Assembly Plumbing up Plumbing up equipment must be removed only with the approval of a competent person

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Hoisting, landing & placing of metal decking bundles provisions to prevent “displacement” of decking during handling/storage Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Roof & floor holes and openings Must be installed as described: Para 706(4)(b) Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Specific requirements: (b) Roof and floor holes and openings. Metal decking at roof and floor holes and openings must be installed as follows: (i) Framed metal deck openings must have structural members turned down to allow continuous deck installation except where not allowed by structural design constraints or constructibility. (ii) Roof and floor holes and openings must be decked over. Where large size, configuration or other structural design does not allow openings to be decked over (such as elevator shafts, stair wells, etc.) employees must be protected in accordance with chapter 296-155 WAC, Part C-1 or Part K. (iii) Metal decking holes and openings must not be cut until immediately prior to being permanently filled with the equipment or structure needed or intended to fulfill its specific use and which meets the strength requirements of (c) of this subsection, or must be immediately covered.

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Covering roof and floor openings Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Decking gaps around columns where there are gaps between columns, the “falling objects hazards” must be eliminated Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking During installation, metal decking must be laid tightly & immediately secured to prevent movement

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking During installation, metal decking panels must be placed to ensure full support by structural members

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Derrick floors must be fully decked or planked & connections completed

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Temporary loads placed on derrick floors must be distributed over the underlying support to prevent local overloading TOC Next Section

Column anchorage Insufficient column anchorage is a primary cause of column failure and a large contributor to fatalities among ironworkers! Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Column anchorage Erection Stability All columns must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Column anchorage Erection Stability All columns* must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts all anchor rod assemblies must meet strength criteria listed in the rule

* “Columns” The term “columns” does not include Posts. Posts are defined as a structural member with a longitudinal axis that is essentially vertical and weighs less than 300 lbs. And is not axially loaded, but laterally restrained.

Column anchorage Erection Stability Columns must be set on level, finished floors pregrouted leveling plates leveling nuts, or shim packs Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Column anchorage Erection Stability All columns must be evaluated by a competent person to determine if guying or bracing is needed. If guying or bracing is needed, it must be installed Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Column anchorage Anchor rods (bolts) Anchor rods/bolts must not be repaired, replaced or field modified without approval of the project structural engineer of record

Column anchorage Anchor rods (bolts) Controlling contractor must provide written notification to the steel erector if there has been any repair, replacement or modification of the anchor rods/bolts TOC Next Section

Beams & Columns Final placing of solid web structural members The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection

Beams & Columns Final placing of solid web structural members The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection Bolts must be Same size and strength shown in the erection drawings Drawn up wrench tight, or equivalent specified

Beams & Columns Final placing of solid web structural members A competent person must determine if more than 2 bolts are needed

Beams & Columns Diagonal bracing Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing must be secured by at least one bolt per connection Wrench tight or equivalent

Beams & Columns Double connections at columns and/or beam webs over a column When making connections sharing common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut must remain connected to the first member Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. Diagram Exception

Beams & Columns Double connections at columns and/or beam webs over a column Exception

Appendix E has examples Beams & Columns Double connections at columns and/or beam webs over a column …unless a shop-attached or field-attached seat or equivalent connection device is supplied with the member to secure the first member and prevent the column from being displaced. MORE Appendix E has examples

Beams & Columns Double connections at columns and/or beam webs over a column If a seat or equivalent device is used, it must be designed to support the load …and adequately bolted or welded to both supporting members & the first member before nuts on the shared bolts are removed to make the double connection

Beams & Columns Column splices Each column splice must be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300# Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Beams & Columns Perimeter columns Must extend a minimum of 48” above the finished floor to permit installation of perimeter safety cables prior to erection of the next tier Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Beams & Columns Perimeter columns Must have holes or other devices for attaching perimeter cables TOC Next Section

Open Web Steel Joists “Open web steel joists must be secured before releasing the load.” Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Open Web Steel Joists Landing and placing loads No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends attached, UNLESS Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Open Web Steel Joists Landing and placing loads No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends attached, unless 1. structure is capable of supporting the load 2. the bundle is placed on a minimum of three steel joists 3. the joists are attached at both ends 4. at least one row of bridging is installed and anchored 5. bundle of decking does not exceed 4,000# 6. edge of the load must be within 1’ of the bearing surface of the joist end TOC Next Section

Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings “Package Building” Before releasing hoisting equipment: Columns minimum 4 bolts at base Rigid frames 50% of the bolts or as specified by manufacturer TOC Next Section

Falling Object Protection All materials, equipment, & tools which are not in use while aloft must be secured against accidental displacement

Falling Object Protection The controlling contractor must bar other construction processes from below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided TOC Next Section

Fall Protection Must be in accordance with WAC 296-155, Part K Part C-1 & Part K TOC Next Section

Training Fall hazard training Special training in multiple lift rigging procedure TOC End

The End Photos courtesy of Pacific Northwest Ironworkers and Employers Apprenticeship and Training Committee -86 Very special thanks to Douglas Smith and Kevin McGee And thanks also to Jerry Rowland, Corona Steel and Ironworkers Local #86

How to Navigate Through This Program Click here for the next slide

Navigational Symbols Used in this Presentation Return to the program, usually from “additional information” Definitions, more information, FAQs, etc Read the actual Standard on line Back to the Outline Next slide

Each line Hyperlinks to the module listed links back to this page -703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan & construction sequence -704 - Hoisting & rigging -706 - Structural steel assembly details -707 - Column anchorage -708 - Beams & columns -709 - Open web steel joists -711 - Systems engineered metal buildings -714 - Falling object protection -716 - Fall protection -717 - Training Each line Hyperlinks to the module listed

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Links to other information Clicking here or else on the “i” will link you to the definition “Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite.”

NEXT: Going from the presentation to web pages to read or print out the actual Standard Going to the Web to read the actual Standard is easy: to go forward, use the hyperlink provided to go back, use the “back arrow” This is how the program looks “behind the scenes” What’s a “Hyperlink”? What’s a “Back Arrow”?

Navigation – Part II The diagram of how things can be linked Section -703 Section –703 on the Web Other Web Page if you want And another Web Page Course List Section -704 Section –704 on the Web Section -705 Section –705 on the Web

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