BENCHMARK 2 – US History II 6. a through 9.d: World War II to the present

6.a: Transportation, Communication, Electrification HENRY FORD – ASSEMBLY LINE THE WRIGHT BROTHERS AIRPLANE THOMAS EDISON ELECTRIFICATION: STREET LIGHTS COMMUNICATION: PHONOGRAPH

ASSEMBLY LINE PRICES GO DOWN BECAUSE CARS CAN BE MADE FASTER; COST LESS TO PRODUCE SO THE AUTO MAKERS CAN CHARGE LESS AND STILL MAKE A PROFIT; MORE PEOPLE CAN AFFORD CARS.

21st Amendment Ends Prohibition 6.b: Prohibition 18th Amendment makes it ILLEGAL to make, transport, or sell alcohol RESULTS OF PROHIBITION bootleggers Organized crime 21st Amendment Ends Prohibition

REASONS FOR GREAT MIGRATION 6.b: Great Migration Violence against African Americans Discrimination Low paying jobs REASONS FOR GREAT MIGRATION

6.c: ART, LITERATURE, AND MUSIC FROM THE 1920s & 1930s O’Keeffe Art Fitzgerald Jazz Age John Steinbeck – Difficult life of migrant workers Copland & Gershwin-Music

6.c: Harlem Renaissance THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE Langston Hughes-Literature Jacob Lawrence-Art THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE Bessie Smith-Blues Singer What do they have in common? Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong-Composers & Musicians

6.d: The Great Depression CAUSES OF GREAT DEPRESSION IMPACTS: People over-speculated on stock; purchased them with borrowed money [Stock Market Crash] Federal Reserves poor monetary policies cause collapse of banking system High tariffs (taxes) discourage trade Americans had too much debt from buying good on installment plans (a form of credit) Many banks and businesses fail and closed down 1/4 (25%) of workers without jobs Large number of people hungry and homeless Farmer’s incomes fell to low levels

6.d Great Depression Visuals Homeless & Hungry Stock Market Crash Banks and businesses close 25% out of work Farmers lose income

Unemployment reached 25% by 1933 during the Great Depression WHAT DOES THE GRAPH SHOW? Unemployment reached 25% by 1933 during the Great Depression

6.d: FDRs New Deal President Franklin Roosevelt creates the New Deal to help America out of the Great Depression SOCIAL SECURITY: Workers made payments from their paychecks that went into a fund to provide retirement money after age 65. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT: Conservation program that changed the American landscape FARM ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS: Gave low-interest loans to farmers to buy equipment to improve their business. LABOR RIGHTS: Set a minimum wage, gave protection to workers who wanted to form unions, as well as those who did not. FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS: Gave 10 million Americans jobs in public works such as bridges, dams, road, and schools.

Worldwide depression Rise of Fascism German war debt 7.a: Causes & effects leading to American involvement in WWII; including Pearl Harbor Worldwide depression Rise of Fascism German war debt US tries to stay neutral/isolationism Lend Lease Policy: US trades Great Britain war supplies for military bases in the Caribbean Japanese attack Pearl Harbor – US gets involved

7.a: Pearl Harbor US ENTERS WWII Japanese are responsible for the attack of the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – December 7, 1941 US ENTERS WWII

7.a: The Players Allied Powers Axis Powers United States Great Britain Canada Soviet Union Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan

7.a: Allied Powers – Democratic Leaders USA = Franklin Roosevelt Great Britain = Winston Churchill Soviet Union = Josef Stalin

MAP OF ALLIED COUNTRIES GREAT BRITAIN CANADA USA SOVIET UNION

7.a: Axis Powers – Fascist Leaders Germany = Adolf Hitler Italy = Benito Mussolini Japan = Hideki Tojo

MAP OF AXIS COUNTRIES GERMANY ITALY JAPAN

Japan bombs Pearl Harbor Germany invades Soviet Union 7.b: Cause & Effects of American involvement in WWII; Major events & turning points Cause Effect/Result Germany invades Poland Sets off war in Europe Germany invades France Germany captures Paris (capital city) Germany bombs London, England Battle of Britain Begins US gives war supplies to Great Britain (LEND LEASE POLICY) In return, Britain allows US to build military bases in Bermuda & Caribbean Japan bombs Pearl Harbor 1. Germany declares war on US 2. US declares war on Japan & Germany Battle of Midway 1. US victory over Japan 2. Turning point in the war in the Pacific Germany invades Soviet Union 1. Soviet Union defeats Germany at Stalingrad 2. Turning point in Eastern Europe (1942-1943)

(Germany had officially surrendered in May 1945) 7.b: Cause & Effects of American involvement in WWII; Major events & turning points Cause Effect/Result American & Allied troops land in Normandy, France: D-Day Invasion Allies begin to liberate/free Western Europe; freeing concentration camps (June 1944) US drops 2 atomic bombs on Japan: Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945) Forces Japan to surrender: Sept. 1945 (Germany had officially surrendered in May 1945) ENDS THE WAR

7.b: The Holocaust Tactics (methods) used by Hitler & Nazis to rid Europe of Jews Boycott of Jewish stores/businesses Discriminatory Laws Ghettos Segregation Imprisonment & mass murder of Jews and others in concentration camps/gas chambers

7.c: Impact of WWII on American Homefront Rosie the Riveter Japanese Americans held in Interment Camps until end of WW2

RATIONING AND CONSERVATION US HOMEFRONT CONTINUED

8.a: Rebuilding of Europe & Japan after WWII; US as a world power and establishing the UN MARSHALL PLAN Provide aid/help to Western Europe Stop spread of communism United Nations established in 1945 = Peacekeeping organization created to stop future wars

GERMANY AFTER WW2 Who occupied East Germany after WW2? Who occupied West Germany after WW2? Soviet Union Occupied East Germany after WW2 Allies Occupied West Germany after WW2

8.a continued GERMANY AFTER WWII Occupation of Germany after WWII: France Britain United States Soviet Union GERMANY AFTER WWII

8.a continued: Rebuilding Japan Following WWII, Japan was occupied by American forces. It soon adopted a democratic form of government, resumed self-government, and became a strong ally of the US. Sites where atomic bombs were dropped by US Hiroshima Nagasaki

8.b: US converts from wartime to peacetime economy after WW2 Rationing of consumer goods over – US converts/changes from making wartime materials to consumer goods. wartime materials consumer goods

8.b cont. : US growth & economic prosperity post/after WW2 buying on credit = technology boom labor unions help workers gain more benefits women return to family responsibilities

8.c: Cold War- US vs. Soviet Union FOCUS: DIFFERENCES IN GOALS/BELIEFS & IDEOLOGIES USA Democratic Capitalist Policy of Containment: to stop spread of communism NATO SOVIET UNION Dictator Communist Domination over Eastern Europe Warsaw Pact Domino Theory: If a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also fall under communist control.

8.c-Cold War Conflicts Korean War Cuban Missile Crisis Ends in stalemate US & S. Korea resist Chinese & N. Korean aggression Cuban Missile Crisis US places a naval blockade around Cuba; Soviets remove missiles Soviet Union puts missiles in Cuba Vietnam War Concerned about domino theory; intervene to stop spread of communism Ends in cease-fire agreement

8.d:Changing Patterns in Society CHANGES TO AMERICAN LIFE AFTER WWII *Baby Boom – change in demographics *Healthy Job Market – more jobs *Greater Investment in Education *Interstate Highway System *Changing role of women – family & work outside the home *Eleanor Roosevelt – expands human rights *African Americans – aspiration for equal rights

8.d cont.: Increased Opportunities for Veterans, Women, and Minorities G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS Education; housing, employment benefits to veterans PRESIDENT TRUMAN DESEGREGATES ARMED FORCES CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION Increased education, economic, political opportunities for women and minorities

8.e: Globalization Positive Effects Negative Effects Definition: Linking of nations through trade, information, technologies, and communication Positive Effects Improved communication Travel, internet, telecommunications Availability of foreign made goods Rise of international corporations Negative Effects Outsourcing Obtain from outside supplier (foreign country) Loss of American jobs

9.a: NOW – National Organization for Women Major Goal: WORKING FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN

9.a: ADA-Americans with Disabilities Act Passed by Congress 1990 First law addressing needs of people with disabilities: employment, public services and accommodations, & telecommunications Public

9.a: IDEA-Individuals with Disabilities Act piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education

9.b: Development of New Technologies EFFECT INCREASED TRAVEL GREATER ACCESS TO NEWS IMPROVED COMMUNICATION & ENTERTAINMENT IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE Development of new technologies in 20th & 21st century CAUSE

Various fields of study: 9.c: Citizens influenced America scientifically, culturally, academically, and economically SCIENTIFIC Medicine Technology Environment Space ACADEMICALLY Various fields of study: Literature History CULTURALLY Music Media Art Communications Technology Architect ECONOMICALLY Banking Business Industry

9.d: American Foreign Policy - Immigration Late 20th and early 21st Century Immigrants primarily Hispanic and Asian. More people want to immigrate to the US than are allowed by law.

9.d cont.: International Issues of the 21st Century Climate Change (also known as Global Warming) Terrorism (issues in Middle East because of US friendly relationship with Israel) Immigration (more illegal than legal) World-wide Health Issues (pandemics) Conserving & protecting natural resources Future Energy Needs (dependence on foreign oil)

Now watch it again! *study!