Submission Title: [Spectral Properties of tg4a Signals] October 2005 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Spectral Properties of tg4a Signals] Date Submitted: [30-Sep-2005] Source: [Laurent Ouvry, Samuel Dubouloz, Mathieu Sambuq] Company [CEA-Leti] Address [17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble] Voice:[+33-4-38-38-93-88 ], FAX: [+ 33-4-38-38-51-59 ], E−Mail: [laurent.ouvry@cea.fr; samuel.dubouloz@cea.fr; mathieu.sambuq@cea.fr] Re: [802.15.4a.] Abstract: [Spectral Properties of tg4a Signals] Purpose: [To promote discussion in 802.15.4a.] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Objective Determine impact of : October 2005 Objective Determine impact of : Peak PRF Burst length Scrambling (polarity and time) Symbol duration (& mean PRF) on signal average power (with FCC definitions) Study of the signals peak power Polarity and time Scrambling influence Peak PRF (PRFmax) L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Scrambling polarity code word October 2005 Introduction Average Power Measurements Measure in a 1MHz RBW Bandwidth Averaging time lower or equal to 1ms (video integration time) Use of matlab functions given in doc #354r1-UWB-Power-Measurements Peak Power Measurements Measurement in a 3MHz RBW 5MHz of Video Bandwidth (VBW) Signal Models Burst composed by N pulses repeated at peak “PRFmax” Symbol time is noted Ts Mean PRF is therefore N/Ts Scrambling is used Pulse polarity codes Burst position scrambling PPM Modulation Fine time scrambling on the whole symbol time FCC Compliant Measurements 1 chip ~ (1/PRFmax) ns + - - + - + + - N chips Ts Scrambling polarity code word L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Average Measurements October 2005 L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Worst Case : No polarity code, no time scrambling October 2005 Worst Case : No polarity code, no time scrambling Signal can be expressed as: According to doc # 354r1: Burst of N impulsions p(t) Burst repeated every Ts Pulse Spectrum composed by spectral lines spaced by PRF and convolved by a sinc function of N/PRF width TF Pulse PSD, which max is -41.3 dBm/MHz RBW < 1/Ts Spectral lines amplitudes, not depending on PRF RBW ≥ 1/Ts L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Example (No polarity code, no time scrambling) October 2005 Example (No polarity code, no time scrambling) Measurement Calculation -32.7362 PRF = 247 MHz Amplitude = -41.3 + 10*log10(RBW * N) – 60 = -32.26 Difference is due to sinc Function sidelobes L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

No Modulation – No Time Scrambling October 2005 No Modulation – No Time Scrambling Burst Size (N) + 3 dB Y-scale is what is above –41.3dBm/MHz (in previous simple example, would be 8.6dB) identical L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Modulation Effects PPM Modulation October 2005 It is worst with PPM modulation only L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Modulation Effects (2) PPM + Polarity October 2005 PPM + Polarity is better than PPM only L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Time Scrambling Effects October 2005 Time Scrambling Effects Fine time scrambling on the whole symbol time  No Difference between simple modulation (2-PPM, 4-PPM) and fine time scrambling L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Polarity Codes Effect October 2005 Each pulse has a random polarity Standard deviation is about 0.25dB Polarity Codes are required for spectrum smoothing L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

October 2005 Conclusions Peak PRF has no influence on the average transmitted power (w.r.t. FCC) Time scrambling has a minor effect on spectrum smoothing and is not better than PPM Modulation in this respect Random Polarity codes are required as soon as bursts of pulses are used Burst size and symbol time do not influence the spectrum anymore with random polarity codes A power backoff (margin) of about 1.5dB is required  compliant with doc # 605r1 L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Peak Measurements October 2005 L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Peak Power Measurements October 2005 Peak Power Measurements Ts = 1µs Generation of short signals (~10µs) and statistics (1000 realizations) on the peak power measurement, with random polarity scrambling sequences (length 8) and with/without time scrambling The CDF of the difference between the measurement and the FCC Limit is plotted (if abscissa < 0, the measurement was below the limit and if > 0, the measurement was above the limit) Measurement performed in a 3MHz RBW, so FCC limit is 20log10(3/50) = -24.44 dBm Below FCC Limit Above FCC Limit  No significant effect of the peak PRF  No significant effect of the time scrambling (performed randomly on whole Ts)  As for the average power, the biggest effect is given by the polarity scrambling (variation between -3 and +5 dB around the FCC peak Limit). L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Peak Power: Effect of polarity scrambling October 2005 Peak Power: Effect of polarity scrambling Generation of signal (~10µs) and peak power measurement, for all polarity scrambling sequences (with length 8  256 sequences, and symbol time = 1µs). Some sequences enable a significant peak power reduction Symmetry for flip left  right Complementary values -1  1 Example: code word 22 (0 -1 and left msb) is polarity scrambling sequence -1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 Difference between the measurement and the FCC limit for all polarity sequences of length 8 (decimal) Above FCC Limit A FlipLR 22 233 Not(A) 151 104 Below FCC Limit L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Peak Power Best Polarity Scrambling Sequences October 2005 Peak Power Best Polarity Scrambling Sequences CDF for the previous curves Best sequences depend on PRFmax About 35% of polarity sequences provide a peak power lower than the FCC limit for a 494MHz PRFmax About 50% for 247MHz  New statistics with the best sequences only Below FCC Limit Above FCC Limit L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Peak Power Best Polarity Scrambling Sequences October 2005 Peak Power Best Polarity Scrambling Sequences Statistics on Peak Measurement (1000 realizations) but with only the polarity scrambling code words involving a peak measurement lower than the FCC limit If there is no time scrambling, the peak measurement is always lower than the FCC limit (due to sequence choice) If time scrambling, some occurrences are above the FCC limit Difference between PRFmax 247MHz and 494 MHz is not significant Below FCC Limit Above FCC Limit L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti

Conclusions (Peak Power) October 2005 Conclusions (Peak Power) Very slight differences between 494MHz and 247MHz peak PRF The choice of the polarity scrambling sequences has an important effect on the radiated peak power (but hardly compatible with simple scrambler…) This choice does not affect the average power measurement L. Ouvry, S. Dubouloz, M. Sambuq — CEA-Leti