public sector integrity building Certificate course on Integrity Building- 2074 Asar Tarak Bahadur KC, PhD tarakbkc@gmail.com

Presentation outline National integrity system Public sector integrity in Nepal Integrity building tools Transparency and Accountability Evidence based advocacy Implementing the solution (Closing the loop) Use of IT 2/2/2019

National Integrity System Foundations: Politics, Society, Economy, and Culture The Nepali politics is service to the nation and the people. The values of Nepali society also aim at purity in character of public officials in their public life. 2/2/2019

Cont … Nepali values of the economy particularly land, labour, capital, enterprise emphasizes fairness and stands against cheating. The culture of Nepal has been specially oriented towards truthfulness, honesty and integrity. Thus, all four foundations of NIS, in Nepal, possess values that stand against corruption and abuse of authority. 2/2/2019

Public sector integrity in Nepal How you see Nepali public secotor integrity? Over time, however, all four have lost their core because of the race for power in politics, commercialization in society, profit in economy and contamination and malpractices in culture. People have simply forgotten the values with consumerism and materialism. That is the reason why practices such as corruption and abuse of authority flourish. Integrity Study, Nepal 2012 2/2/2019

Cont … “ Nepal has tried a lot in promoting integrity, transparency and accountability but has largely been unsuccessful.” - Dix, 2011 Ethical issues are important for improving service delivery; but “…. Moral and ethical values in civil service are in the state of deterioration, causing service delivery to suffer.” – U R Shakya, 2009 “... कर्मचारीतन्त्रमा नैतिकता खस्केको अवस्थामा छ / राज्यप्रति वफादारिता छैन, आत्मकेन्द्रित प्रवृति हावी हुदै गएको छ / जनताको भन्दा आफ्नो हितमा काम गर्ने प्रवृति बढ्दो छ /...” – काशीराज दाहाल, गोरखापत्र, २०७३/३/८ 2/2/2019

Cont … “... नेपाली राजनीतिमा नैतिकताको खडेरी परेको छ / ... खडेरीको प्रभावले गर्दानै मुलुक आर्थिकरुपमा टाट पल्टिदै गरेको अवस्थामा पनि हामी ... आफ्नो तलव भत्ता, सुबिधा वृद्धिको चिन्ताको रोटे पिंगमा फनफनी घुमिरहेका छौ / ....” नैतिकताको कसिमा हामी सांसद – धनराज गुरुङ, सांसद, नेपाली कांग्रेस कान्तिपुर, २०७३/३/३० “... यो देशको अधोगतिको एउटा मुख्य कारण भ्रस्टाचार हो ...” - प्रधानमन्त्री पुष्पकमल दाहाल, २०७३/५/२३गते संसदमा सम्बोधन स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालयले आफु मातहतका बहिरंग सेवा विहान १० बजे देखि अपरान्ह ५ बजे सम्म संचालन गर्न निर्देशन जारिगरेको छ/ मन्त्रालयले सबै चिकित्शक तथा स्वास्थ्य कर्मीले कार्यस्थलमा अनिबार्य पोसाक / एप्रोनसंगे परिचयपत्र लगायर काम गर्न समेत निर्देशन दिएको छ/ - कान्तिपुर, २०७३/९/६ “टेबलपिच्छे फरक शासन छ”- गृहमन्त्री, १८ असार, २०७४ कान्तिपुर किन यस्तो? कसरि सुधार गर्ने? केहि उपायहरु: 2/2/2019

Integrity Building Tools 1. Transparency and Accountability (T&A) Information asymmetry is the main problem for T&A) There are two main problems with information asymmetry: Adverse selection and adverse solution Moral hazard and unethical practice 2/2/2019

Cont… 2. Evidence Based Advocacy Collecting evidences of the gaps of services, infrastructures and other development activities Participatory monitoring and assessment Mobilizing community and other stakeholders Advocacy and lobbying for making concern authority to correct the wrong doings. 2/2/2019

Cont… 3. Implementing the Solution (Closing the Loop) Combined efforts for solving problems Solutions are implemented Indicator is ‘the fix rate’ ‘The fix’ is the resolution of a problem by using transparency, accountability, integrity tools, procedures, norms, laws, policies, etc. ‘The fix rate’ is the percentage of identified problems that are resolved. 2/2/2019

Cont … 4. Use of IT DevelopmentCheck and GrantCheck can be used to overcome the problems of information asymmetry. These tools are useful for participatory monitoring, evidence based advocacy and implement the solutions 2/2/2019

Community Integrity Building (CIB) The CIB is a collaborative method / approach developed by Integrity Action for local citizens and public officials to jointly work on improving the provision and performance of public services and public infrastructure, thereby improving the lives of thousands of people. This is achieved by: 2/2/2019

Cont … Jointly identify the governance problems related to public services and infrastructure, Propose practical solutions, and Working together to ensure that the solutions are implemented. This approach has five phases, outlined below, and within each of the phases there are a number of steps to follow and tools to use. It helps to Fix problems. 2/2/2019

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1.1 Context & Stakeholder Analysis 1.2 Community Engagement 1. Context Sensitivity 1.1 Context & Stakeholder Analysis 1.2 Community Engagement 1.3 Establishing a Baseline 2. Joint Learning 2.1 Identifying Community Monitors 2.2 Training Community Monitors 2.3 Joint Working Groups (JWGs) 2.4 Selecting Development Projects to Monitor 3. Evidence Base 3.1 Data Collection, Analysis and Verification 4. Constructive Engagement 4.1 Sharing Findings 4.2 Identify solutions and advocate for change 5. Closing the loop 5.1 Fixing Problems & Advocacy 5.2 Learning & Impact Assessment 2/2/2019

The Fix – Rate : A key Metric for Transparency and Accountability … is the percentage of identified problems that are resolved to the satisfaction of the key stakeholders. It provides a baseline indicator of performance and effectiveness. … measures the incidence with which transparency and accountability problems are resolved satisfactorily – the percentage of resolved problems. 2/2/2019

Cont … … can be used more broadly as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) of effectiveness of institutions in resolving problems. … helps tracking and reporting conviction rates. … helps to highlight where and how organisations need to work together to be more effective. 2/2/2019

Summary and Conclusion Integrity is the cornerstone for good governance which refers to the application of values, principles and norms in the daily operations of public sector organizations. Integrity includes consistency and an unwavering adherence to values and beliefs. How much depth we perceive and pursue it, we have to carefully judge ourselves. The weaker the integrity and ethical behaviour, the stronger the corruption. 2/2/2019

Cont … CIB helps to improve the performance of public services and infrastructure by fixing problems. This leads to increased trust and trustworthiness, i.e. Integrity. The need, therefore, is to be ethical; and ethical behaviour can be improved at organisational and individual level. Integrity Trust Trustworthiness 2/2/2019

Thank you 2/2/2019

An Incident: Ram Singh Ram Singh is the project manager of a project. He has been running the project effectively with the help of his capable staffs. He is fully aware with the fact that he can’t run the project without their support. Mr. Singh has occasionally noticed that some malpractices exist among some of his subordinates causing harms to the project with the low quality of work and increased costs. However, he has also noticed that these malpractices are not contrary to the project’s existing rules and regulations and he is sure that the subordinate employees will be annoyed and frustrated to continue to work with supportive attitudes, if he controls such malpractices. He is therefore pretending of being ignorant of malpractices at subordinate level just to ensure their continued support for running the project smoothly and completing on time. If this is an representative case of public service, how do you explain Ram Singh behaviour ? 2/2/2019

Integrity Action Learning Plan S.N. Activities Analysis/ justification Learning point Strategies to improve 1. Identify an integrity problem you faced in your workplace Why is that a problem? What do you learn from this? What steps do you adopt to manage? 2. Understanding organizational context Supporting and restraining factors for integrity building Things to promote and control What activities you do to promote and control 3. What reform you would initiate? Why is important to do now? What changes does it bring? How you manage reform spoilers? ©NASC, 2015 2/2/2019

Action Plan for Integrity Building S.N. What When Who (you and others) How you manage Resources Critical success factors HR Finance Others ©NASC, 2015 2/2/2019