Europeans Establish Colonies

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Presentation transcript:

Europeans Establish Colonies Chapter 2:1492-1752

Section 1: Spain’s Empire in America

A little background…. Spain was the world power Largest and most professional navy A massive New World empire 10 times the amount of Spain itself Texas, Mexico, All of South America Except Brazil Enriched by gold and silver from New World

Religious Turmoil in Europe 1517- Protestant Reformation begins Germany converts England creates their own church Church of England France bitterly divided between Catholics and Protestants Spain stayed devout Catholic Aggressive military policy in Europe

How did Spain run their colonial empire? Conquistadores Great conquerors, not great administrators Encomiendas Large scale plantations Mining Gold and Silver Encomiendas and mines worked via slave labor

How did Spain run their colonial empire? (cont.) Much death Whether from diseases or harsh treatment Native population decimated Viceroyalty system Viceroy- appointed by the King Shared power with a crown appointed council and an archbishop New Spain and Peru

How did Spain run their colonial empire? (cont.) Mestizos 250,000 Spaniards emigrated from Spain to New World Mostly men, took local wives Mixed children were mestizos Casta system Complex system of social hierarchy Bottom: pure blooded natives and African slaves Top: Spaniards Middle: Mestizos

How else were Native Americans treated? Religion Missionaries Catholic friars who worked to convert Native Americans to Christianity Also attempted to have Native Americans adopt Spanish culture Less brutal than conquistadores Still forced the Spanish culture on the native population Presidios Forts near missions

Who was Hernando de Soto? Conquistador Explored Florida and most of the modern day SE United States Looked for riches Found natives instead Was not happy about not finding riches Burned villages, took supplies and killed natives Died of disease while on the expedition in 1542

Where else did Spain colonize? Peru New Spain Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean Florida De Soto New Mexico

Why did the Pueblos revolt against the Spanish? Starvation and disease Pueblo population in 1638: 40,000 Pueblo population in 1680: 17,000 Led by shaman Popé Wanted to return to traditional ways Apaches joined him Were able to beat the Spanish Short lived, began to fight with Apaches, Spain reconquered the Pueblos

Wrap-up Encomiendas and Mining Viceroy system Mestizos and the Casta system Missionaries and Presidios Hernando de Soto Other Spanish Colonies Pueblo revolt