Arrival in Canada Ms. Dow Socials 9

North America before Colonialism…

Impacts of Colonialism? Language Culture Disease War Technology Crops Metis Animal Extinction Political Organization Political Borders Religion Architecture

Age of Exploration Age of Exploration 1450-1600 Portuguese and Spanish begin exploring the “new world” in search of the legendary riches of the East NORTH WEST PASSAGE Ended up finding new economic opportunities In the ‘New World’ Fishing Fur Trade

European Explorers What do you remember about early European Explorers? Vikings Leif Erikson, Lanse Aux Meadows England John Cabot, Nfld. And the Grand Bank France (part 1) Cartier, Huron guides, fails to set up a permanent settlement, beginnings of the fur trade Dutch Henry Hudson and the Hudson River France (part 2) Champlain, Port Royal, Algonkians and Wendat Etienne Brule, Courier de Bois Radisson and Groseillier, HBC

Imperialism vs. Colonialism Imperialism – the right to rule a foreign region by conquest Ruling is all about power Imperialism is about economic control of foreign lands and peoples Eg. the Fur Trade Colonialism – settling a foreign region Normally follows imperialism Once a region is under control, a colony is established with populated with settlers Eg. New France

Major Colonial Shipping Routes

Human Migration

Port Royal After Cartier failed to set up a permanent colony, Samuel de Champlain tries one more time (Port Royal, NS), but also fails Had about 60 colonists, lasted about 2 years, but spirits were low and there was no profitable resource established for France (bad location) He is still convinced a colony is needed.

New France Champlain led an expedition up the St. Lawrence river and arrived in Quebec City Liked this area because it was inland and the cliffs were a natural defence Established a habitation, or post, at Quebec and allied with the Algonquin and Innu In return these groups would only trade furs with the French French firearms helped these groups win many battles

Alliance with the Wendat Wendat had economic advantages because of their western location Access to more furs from other parts of Canada Good fishing and a variety of new crops Champlain began to assist them in battles and sending coureurs de bois (independent fur traders) to live in Wendat communities

Trouble Begins… Lack of support and funding from France Christian Missionaries divide communities Coureurs de Bois, Etienne Brule, actually sided with his Algonquin community (and the English) against the French!

New France Mind Map Assignment Use pictures and words to summarize the information on p. 26-32 Key Question: How did France expand its control in NA?

What to do? France creates the Company of 100 Associates to bring more colonists to Canada and establish ‘New France’

The Jesuit Missions Order of Roman Catholic priests Partnered with the Company of a Hundred Associates (wanted them to build closer relationships with FN) The Jesuits were unique because: Willing to go anywhere and make any sacrifice to spread the word of God Willing to adapt to native traditions and customs Set about mastering native languages Did not intend to harm people, BUT… With contact came disease Caused a division among FN communities, weakening them

The Royal Province of New France New France was made a Royal Province in 1663 Step 1: Safety Sent 1100 soldiers to protect New France (though they also attached many FN communities) The soldiers almost doubled the population in New France

Step 2: Set up a Government Sovereign Council (govt. of New France) The governor represented king of France, supervised defence, and established treaties (Frontenac) The intendant supervised the people (Jean Talon) A catholic bishop was responsible for religious affairs (Laval)

Step 3: Organize Society New France was intended to be a mini-France populated with French people (though Champlain had hoped for some FN people as well) French king was an absolute monarch for New France as well Seigneurial system put in place

Step 4: Population Besides soldiers, women were also recruited to populate New France = “filles du roi” (the king’s daughters). women who had little to gain form staying in France they were often orphans

Step 5: Infrastructure Talon oversaw the people in the colony Needed new buildings, roads etc.

Step 6: Mercantilism Mercantilism = raw materials brought to France, final product created in France then sold around Europe Eg. Beaver pelts brought from New France and made into hats in France then sold around Europe Also established industry – a lumber mill, a tannery and a brewery – making New France more self sufficient and profitable to France