lecture: Abdisalan Artan Ahmed

 is the process used to prevent pregnancy and plan for the birth of children at the most optimum time. Commonly referred to as birth control, family planning can be accomplished using a variety of methods.  Artificial Family Planning Method –any unnatural technique that is used to prevent conception.

 Barriers - Barrier methods stop sperm from entering the vagina.

 Best  Best Implants IUD female vasectomy sterilization  Batter  Batter Injectables lam Pills  Good  Good Male female fertility condoms condom awereness methods  Least  Least Whithdrawal sparmicides Types of methods

What is it? How does it work? - a thin rubber barrier - fits over erect penis and catches sperm when the man ejaculates - best used with lubricant (water based) - DO NOT USE oil - based lubricant or some anti thrush Creams

Chance of getting pregnant  typically 15% but 2% if used perfectly every time

 Advantages easy to use, easy to carry used only when needed helps protect against STIs available from Family Planning clinics and other health care providers can buy from pubs, clubs, pharmacies and many shops cheaper on prescription

 Disadvantages some people are allergic to rubber must be put on when penis is erect and before sexual intercourse some people say it reduces sexual feeling can slip off or break

What is it? How does it work? a thin polyurethane barrier goes into the vagina and prevents sperm entering the woman’s body

 Chance of getting pregnant typically 21% but 5% if used perfectly

 Advantages helps protect against STIs women can use it easy to use

 Disadvantages relatively expensive can be noisy can get them from the internet need to insert every time

What is it? How does it work? dome shaped silicone barrier fits inside vagina over the cervix used with spermicide jelly that kills sperm

Chance of getting pregnant typically 16% but can be 6% if using spermicide and following instructions perfectly

 Advantages can be put in several hours before sexual intercourse used only when needed helps protect against STIs

 Disadvantages first fitting should be by an experienced nurse or doctor some women find it hard to put in and take out spermicide may irritate vagina or penis must be left in place at least 6 hours after sexual intercourse

–is a contraceptive that lasts for a long time. You don’t need to remember it every day or even every month.

What is it? How does it work? Small device put inside the womb by a health care professional. Prevents sperm from fertilizing the egg. Thickens mucus in cervix making it hard for sperm to enter the womb.

Chance of getting pregnant less than 1%

 Advantages can stay in place for 5 years or more - fit and forget doesn’t interfere with sexual Intercourse IUD – lighter periods or no period at all, suitable for women with heavy periods

 Disadvantages needs to be inserted by an experienced doctor or nurse IUD may cause heavier periods or cramping IUD may cause irregular bleeding in the first few months

 What is it? How does it work?  Depo Provera is an injection of progestogen  Progestogen is similar to one of the hormones produced naturally by a woman's ovaries. The injection is given every 12 weeks

 Chance of getting pregnant typically 3% but less than 1% if next injection given on time

 Advantages one injection lasts 12 weeks doesn’t interfere with sexual intercourse useful for women who can’t take combined pill

 Disadvantages irregular bleeding, no periods or occasional heavy bleeding periods and fertility take an average of 6 months to return after stopping the injection may have change in weight

What is it? How does it work? pill made of two hormones, oestrogen and progestogen stops ovaries from releasing an egg each month

 levonorgestrel is a hormonal medication which is used in a number of birth control methods.

 Chance of getting pregnant typically 8% but less than 1% if used perfectly

 Advantages simple and easy to take doesn’t interfere with sexual intercourse periods usually regular, shorter, lighter and less painful less chance of cancer of lining of the womb or ovaries

 Disadvantages should not be used by women over 35 who smoke must remember to take it daily may have irregular bleeding

 What is it? How does it work?.The skin in your upper arm by a doctor or nurse.Once the implant is in place, you don't have to think about it again for 3 years..It can be useful for women who can't use contraception that contains oestrogen.

 Chance of getting pregnant  Less then 1%

 Advantages  it works for 3 years  it doesn't interrupt sex  it's safe to use while you're breastfeeding  your fertility will return to normal as soon as the implant is taken out  it may reduce heavy periods or painful periods

 Disadvantages  you may experience temporary side effects during the first few months, like headaches, nausea, breast tenderness and mood swings  your periods may be irregular or stop altogether  you may get acne or your acne might get worse  you'll need a small procedure to have it fitted and removed  it doesn't protect you against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so you may need to use additional contraception (such as condoms) as well

What is it? How does it work? Nuvaring contains two hormones, oestrogen and progestogen Sits inside vagina Stops ovaries from releasing an egg each month

 Chance of getting pregnant typically 8% but less than 1% if used perfectly

 Advantages Lasts for 3-4 weeks Useful for those who forget pills

 Disadvantages Should not be used by women over 35 who smoke

 What is it? How does it work? Vasectomy – male tubes cut to stop the sperm getting to the penis tubal ligation – clips put on female tubes to stop the egg getting to the uterus

 Chance of getting pregnant less than 1%

 Advantages once only permanent

 Disadvantages not easily reversible requires an operation may have short term side effects, eg. pain, bruising

What is it? How does It work?  Pulling out (also known as withdrawal) is a way to prevent pregnancy by keeping semen away from the vagina.  Withdrawal works best when you use another birth control method with it, like a condom.

What is it? How does It work?  The patch was basically created for women who have trouble remembering their daily pill.  It is worn on the skin (usually on the arm) and is changed only once per week for three weeks and then the fourth week is patch-free.  It also releases estrogen and progestin like the birth control pill.

 Chance of getting pregnant  The patch is 99% effective.  This means that if 100 people used the patch correctly for one year, only one person would get pregnant

 Advantages  It is simple to use  Can be used by just one partner  Needs to be applied only once a week and not in relation to intercourse, improving patient compliance  Its presence can be verified by sight  Does not detach with exposure to water or sweat  May improve acne in many cases  May improve bone strength due to the estrogen content  May reduce the risk of benign breast disease, as well as uterine endometrial and ovarian cancers

 Disadvantages  It does not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV  Must be prescribed by a health care provider  The estrogen levels are higher with the patch than with other hormonal methods  The return of fertility may be delayed by up to two months after stopping the use of the patch  Skin irritation may occur in some women  It can be seen by the partner  It is sometimes felt inside the vagina by the partner

 Are age 35 or older and smoke  Have chest pain or a history of heart attack, stroke or severe high blood pressure  Have a history of blood clots  Have a history of breast, uterine or liver cancer  Weigh more than 198 pounds (90 kilograms)  Have liver disease or migraines with aura  Have diabetes-related complications of the kidneys, eyes, nerves or blood vessels  Have unexplained vaginal bleeding  Developed yellowing of the whites of the eyes or of the skin (jaundice) during pregnancy or when previously taking hormonal contraceptives  Are about to have major surgery and will be unable to move around as usual  Are taking any medications or herbal supplements  Are sensitive to any part of the birth control patch