Bell Ringers What are 5 biotic factors in a deciduous forest? What are 2 abiotic factors in a deciduous forest? Extension: What would be an example of a predator and prey in a deciduous forest?

Biodiversity

Biodiversity within an Ecosystem Biodiversity – variety of life on Earth Can be within a particular habitat, ecosystem, or even within one species

Biodiversity within an Ecosystem Every organism has a specific role to play in its environment Niche – the way an organism fits into its ecosystem An organism’s niche includes where it lives, what it uses, and what it eats

Biodiversity within an Ecosystem No two species ever share the exact same niche Why is that a good thing?

Biodiversity within an Ecosystem What happens if one species dies off in an ecosystem? EVERY organism (biotic factor) is affected! Its predator populations would change Its prey populations would change Its fellow competitors’ (for food or habitat) populations would change

Biodiversity within an Ecosystem If bees become extinct, are we next? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mr-oz5FxU7A

Biodiversity within an Ecosystem What happens if one species dies off in an ecosystem? Even nonliving things (abiotic factors) are affected! Ex: how would soil change if a bacteria species died? How would water change if a fish species died? How would air change if a tree species died?

Biodiversity within an Ecosystem It is possible that, with time, another species will take over another species’ niche and the ecosystem will live on It is also possible that the death of one species could cause other species in the ecosystem to die as well, potentially eliminating the entire ecosystem!

Biodiversity within a Population Review: Population – the number of individuals of a specific species living in a community Within a species, there are multiple variations Variation – inherited differences between organisms

Biodiversity within a Population Adaptation – an inherited variation that helps an organism survive its environment

Biodiversity within a Population Example: Peppered Moth Two main variations: black and white The ______ variation is more likely to survive on a tree with lichen because it ________ and is able to hide from predators white blends in

Biodiversity within a Population However, during the Industrial Revolution, the black peppered moths began thriving while the white moths started dying out Why? The black moths blended better on the soot-covered trees

Adaptation Examples: Remember: an organism’s adaptations are all about surviving its environment Polar bears have thick fur coats to keep warm and light-colored fur to blend in with the snow Fun fact: polar bears’ fur isn’t actually white; it’s clear!

Adaptation Examples: An aloe plant stores its own water so it can survive in the desert and a waxy surface to prevent transpiration (evaporation of water from a plant)

Adaptation Examples: Camouflage – ability to blend in with surroundings in order to hide from predators and/or sneak up on prey

iSpy! See if you can point out the hidden organisms!

Leaf-Tailed Gecko

Spider

Frog

Snow Leopard

Bird

Copperhead Snake

Adaptation Examples: Mimicry -- a harmless organism looking like a poisonous or dangerous one Why would that be beneficial?

Adaptations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJGtN-igCu8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=os6HD-sCRn8

Biodiversity within a Population Variations and adaptations not only help individual organisms survive, but also the population as a whole The Earth (and therefore environments and ecosystems) is always changing Greater biodiversity within a population increases the chance that some individuals will possess variations that are suited to the new environment

Biodiversity within a Population They will be able to survive, mate, and pass on those favorable traits to the next generation, potentially preventing the extinction of the species Organisms without the favorable traits are less likely to survive and pass on their traits

Natural Selection Natural Selection – favorable traits become more common and the less-favorable traits in a population disappear What is going to happen to the green bug population? What is going to happen to the orange/brown bug population?

Natural Selection This change in population takes a LONG time, but eventually the population and the organisms look very different from their ancestors Evolution – adaptations in a species over time

Biodiversity Affects Everything! THE LINK DOES NOT WORK – Google “14 Wolves in Yellowstone” and watch the YouTube video Watch the video, pausing when necessary to answer the questions (trust me) Use the subtitles to help you! When you get to the back, make sure you take your time!!! Put in basket when you finish

Adaptation WS: Turn in when done. Variation – what’s different among a species Adaptation – diffs that benefit the species Turn in when done. Work on Biopshere Unit in Review Packet. Do questions 1-9, 13-15 (omit 10-12 for now)

Bellringer Chickens eat corn. Snakes can eat chickens. Humans eat chicken and corn. Draw a food web. Label the producer (P), primary consumer (1), and secondary consumer (2). Label the carnivore (C), herbivore (H), and omnivore (O). Sundew plant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iW26P_6d_2w

Bellringer Announcements Test TUESDAY after long weekend. Start studying now! All late/missing work due next Wednesday SMART lunch today – make-up tests, test corrections, discuss missing work, questions about current material