Temperature and Particle Theory…Again

Review from last class… Who invented the first thermometer? Who was the first person to use scales/points on their thermometer? Who had the first closed tube thermometer? Who had the first scale based on the boiling point and melting point of water? Who’s scale is considered the “metric scale”; also based on the boiling and melting point of water? Who’s scale was based on theory of “absolute zero”?

Conversion Practice Body temperature is 98.6°F, what is this in Celsius? In Kelvin? Methanol boils at 75°C, what is this in Fahrenheit?, in Kelvin? Lead melts at 600 K, what is this in Celsius? In Fahrenheit?

Conversion Practice Question Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin 1 98.6° 2 75° 3

Conversion Formulas Fahrenheit to Celsius: Celsius to Fahrenheit: C= (F-32) 1.8 Celsius to Fahrenheit: F= (Cx1.8)+32 Celsius to Kelvin: K=C+273 Kelvin to Celsius: C=K-273

Conversion Worksheet Complete the Temperature Conversion worksheet using the formulas provided in class Put name on it and put it in hand in bin

Particle Theory of Matter Review All matter is made up of particles Particles are always moving The spaces between particles are larger than the particles themselves. All particles of the same substance are made of the same particles regardless of state (solid, liquid or gas) Particles are attracted to each other. The closer the particles are the stronger the attraction. Particles move faster when heated and slower when cooled down

Solids Attraction between particles is strong Spaces between particles is small (particles are close together) There is little motion of particles- movement is mostly vibrational Definite Shape and Definite Volume

Liquids Attraction between particles is medium Space between particles is medium Movement is vibrational and rotational Definite Volume but no Definite Shape

Gases Attraction between particles is weak Space between particles is large Movement is vibrational, rotational and translational No Definite Shape and No Definite Volume

Kinetic Energy- States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Vibrational movement- lower kinetic energy Sliding and vibrational- more kinetic energy Bouncing, sliding and vibrating- most kinetic energy Slowest movement Slower movement Fastest movement Close particles Farther particles Farthest spacing between particles

Phase Changes

Phases of Matter- Transformations Energy (heat) causes matter to change state By adding energy you can change solidsliquids and liquidsgases By removing energy you can change gasesliquids and liquids solids

Phase Changes: Adding Energy Solid  Liquid: Melting Temperature at which it changes is called Melting Point Liquid  Gas: Boiling/Evaporating Temperature at which it changes is called Boiling Point Adding energy speeds up molecules and increases their movement

Phase Changes: Removing Energy Gas  Liquid: Condensation Same temperature as the Boiling point Liquid  Solid: Freezing Same temperature as the Melting point Removing energy causes the particles to slow down and decreases their movement

Heat vs Temperature- Particle Theory Heat= thermal energy TOTAL energy contained by an object Travels in waves Can change the matter it touches Transfer of energy from hotter body to colder body Temperature= speed How fast the particles move and is NOT determined by the amount of substance The AVERAGE energy of its particles