Rocks

made of made of two or more one mineral minerals Poly-mineralic Mono-mineralic made of two or more minerals made of one mineral

Most Rocks Are Poly-mineralic

Three Classifications of Rocks are: igneous sedimentary metamorphic

Rocks are classified by: How they are formed

Earth Science Reference Tables Page 6

1. How are igneous rocks formed? Please go to the "Rock Cycle" on Page 6 of the ESRTS the melting and solidification of magma

What are the 2 types of Igneous rocks? Intrusive Extrusive

Form inside the earth Form outside the earth Area of Formation Intrusive Form inside the earth Extrusive Form outside the earth

Slow- long cooling time Fast-short cooling time Cooling Rate Intrusive Slow- long cooling time Extrusive Fast-short cooling time

Crystal Size Intrusive Big Extrusive Small

Coarse or Very Coarse Fine or Glassy Texture Intrusive Coarse or Very Coarse Extrusive Fine or Glassy

As cooling time… Increases Crystal size Increases

crystal size cooling time

2. Identifying Igneous Rocks Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks

a.texture glassy } extrusive fine Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks a.texture glassy } extrusive fine

a.texture coarse } intrusive very coarse Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks a.texture coarse } intrusive very coarse

Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks b.color dark light

Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks c.density low high

d. composition mafic contains Fe and Mg felsic contains Al Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks d. composition mafic contains Fe and Mg felsic contains Al

Gas pockets form from rapid cooling Vesicular Texture Gas pockets form from rapid cooling

the crystals have grown together, Interlocking with each other Glassy Texture usually black in color Intergrown Crystals the crystals have grown together, Interlocking with each other

Intergrown

Intergrown

Intergrown

Not Intergrown

The mineral composition is found underneath the rock name What are the crystals made of? Minerals! The mineral composition is found underneath the rock name

Finding The Minerals Unless you have other information, work in the middle of the rock’s box. .

Please Answer the Questions on Page 6 & 7 Using Your Earth Science Reference Tables.

Name a light-colored, fine-grained rock with no bubbles.

Name a coarse-grained, dense rock.

Name a very light-colored, glassy, extrusive rock with bubbles.

Page 7 Answers 1-C 2-D 3-C 4-C 5-A 6-B

1. Most sedimentary rocks are made of pieces ( clasts ) of other rocks. Image #2 Image #1

Page 6 in ESRT

2. The 2 processes that form sedimentary rocks Cementation Compaction clasts held together by minerals (cement) the weight of overlying sediments forces particles together

3. In what type of environment are most sedimentary rocks formed? watery

4. Sedimentary rocks form in layers known as Strata Clear Layering of Sediments Image #3 Image #2 Image #1

Evaporites and Precipitates 5. Crystalline Texture Minerals dissolved in water are Left behind when the water evaporates Evaporites and Precipitates

6. Bioclastic Texture Bio = Life Clastic = Pieces Made from accumulated shells (Limestone) or Plant remains (Coal)

7. Fossils the remains of once-living organisms Key Identifying Features of Sedimentary Rocks 7. Fossils the remains of once-living organisms Sedimentary rocks are the ONLY rocks that can have fossils! Image #3 Image #1 Image #4 Image #2

Please Answer the Questions on Page 8&9 Using Your Earth Science Reference Tables.

Answers on the Next Page

The Answers (Page 8): 1. Limestone 2. Breccia 3. Limestone 4. Dolostone of Rock Salt 5. Sandstone 6. Rocks Salt The Answers (page 9) 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. B

1. How are metamorphic rocks formed? Metamorphic Rocks Please go to the "Rock Cycle" on Page 6 of the ESRTS extreme heat and/or pressure

Earth Science Reference Tables Page 6

a. MELTING DOES NOT OCCUR! Metamorphic Rocks If melting occurs, it is classified as an a. MELTING DOES NOT OCCUR! Igneous Rock

What is the difference between Regional and Contact Metamorphism? 2. Metamorphic Rocks What is the difference between Regional and Contact Metamorphism?

Regional Metamorphism Large geographic area Example: where mountains form

small geographic area Example: Contact Metamorphism when rocks come in contact with magma

Key Identifying Features of Metamorphic Rocks

3. Foliation Image #1 Image #2 banding of minerals Zebra Stripes Image #3

4. Distorted Structure folded layers Image #2 Image #3 Image #1 Image #4

5. Types of Foliation “Zebra Stripes” a. Gneissic Foliation- minerals are squished into bands. “Zebra Stripes”

Banding vs. Layers Bands Layers

Banding vs. Layers- Banding

Layers

Mineral Alignment

b. Schistose foliation- minerals have been squashed into flakes of mica.

Slaty foliation- Parallel alignment of Fine grained minerals

Slaty foliation- Rock splits into flat, thin layers.

What will these sedimentary rocks metamorphose into? Shale  Slate Sandstone  Quartzite Limestone/Dolostone  Marble Conglomerate  Metaconglomerate

Slate + + = Phyllite

Phyllite + + = Schist

+ Schist + Gneiss =

Please Answer the Questions on Page 11 Using Your Earth Science Reference Tables.

Answers on the Next Page

The Answers (Page 11): 1. Gneiss 2. Quartzite 3. Sandstone Shale Limestone/Dolostone

Rock Song