3 Ways Evolution Happens

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Presentation transcript:

3 Ways Evolution Happens 1. Artificial selection 2. Genetic Drift 3. Natural selection

1. Artificial Selection The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits. neck feathers crop tail feathers Pigeon breeding Bred for tail feathers Bred for crop Bred for neck feathers

2. Genetic Drift “Chance” causes a small population. Dramatic event Small group leaves or is separated Result: less genetic variety

3. Natural Selection Its all about Variation! Mutations - Small changes / Lots of time Genetic Recombination (crossing over, Independent assortment & Segregation)

Fitness determines survival Variation leads to differential fitness. Some organisms survive better than others Fitness determines which individuals survive and reproduce. Must have a selective advantage or trait (gene) will not increase within a population.

Selected for: Selected against: Helpful traits which help survival are selected for in a population and increase in frequency. Harmful traits or unsuccessful traits are selected against in a population and decrease in frequency. A harmful trait that does not affect fitness is not selected against, ie: Alzheimer’s

Examples of Evolution Occurring Extinction Pesticide Resistance Antibiotic Resistance

Extinction All members of a population die out. Loss of genetic diversity. Can be global or regional

Pesticide resistance: Have to come up with new and more toxic chemicals to combat pests. Weeds Insects

Antibiotic resistance: Need for new antibiotics Evolutionary arms race*