Volume 3, Issue 6, Pages 956-972 (November 2010) New Insights into the Shikimate and Aromatic Amino Acids Biosynthesis Pathways in Plants  Tzin Vered , Galili Gad   Molecular Plant  Volume 3, Issue 6, Pages 956-972 (November 2010) DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq048 Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The Shikimate Pathway Converting Phosphoenolpyruvate and Erythrose 4-Phosphate into Chorismate in Higher Plants. Enzyme names are given on the right of the arrows, with their shortened names given inside parentheses. The metabolites are indicated above the first arrow, in between the intermediate arrows and in the bottom of the last arrow. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 956-972DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssq048) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Summary of the Evolution of the Shikimate Pathway and Its Intracellular Compartmentation in the Eukaryotic Plants. The top rectangle depicts the structural organization of the shikimate pathway enzymes and their cytosolic localization in the common eukaryotic ancestor of plants and animals. The middle rectangle summarizes the evolution of the shikimate pathway enzymes leading to the last common ancestor of plants before the speciation of lower and higher plants. The bottom right and left rectangles depict the current organization of the shikimate pathway enzymes in algae (right) and higher plants (left). The evolutionary processes included: (1) conversion of the AroM penta-functional polypeptide containing DHQS-DHQ-SDH-SK-EPSPS enzymes (top panel), a bi-functional polypeptide containing linked DHQ- SDH plus five polypeptides each containing the single enzymes DAHPS (class I), DHQS, SK, EPSPS, CS enzymes; and (2) evolution of a plastid transit peptide in the C-terminal domain of all seven polypeptides to direct these enzymes into the organelle where the shikimate pathway operates in higher plants. Modified and simplified from Richards et al. (2006). Molecular Plant 2010 3, 956-972DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssq048) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 The Biosynthesis Pathways of the Aromatic Amino Acids in Plants. Enzyme names are given next to the arrows, with their shortened names given inside parentheses. The metabolites are indicated above the first arrow, in between the intermediate arrows and in the bottom of the last arrow. The major route of Tyr and Phe biosynthesis from arogenate is indicated by wider arrows, while the still questionable route of Phe biosynthesis via phenypyruvate and Tyr biosynthesis via p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate are indicated by narrower arrows. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 956-972DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssq048) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Post-Transcriptional Regulation of the Shikimate and Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis Pathways in Plants (Panel A) and E. coli (Panel B). Enzyme abbreviations are as in Figure 3. Solid black lines represent established feedback inhibition loops. Solid gray arrows represent positive regulation. Dashed black and gray lines represent suggested, but not clearly proven, negative and positive regulation, respectively. This figure was modified from Berry (1996) and Sprenger (2006). Molecular Plant 2010 3, 956-972DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssq048) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Major Classes of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Chorismate, Phe, Tyr, and Trp. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 956-972DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssq048) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions