Ch. 3 Exploration and colonization 2 Column notes for section 1 – An era of exploration (Textbook pages 68-72)

American and world events 1492-1673 American Events Seeking a westward Spanish Spain builds English colonists Seeking freedom French colonists route from Europe to warrior a fort at arrive in Jamestown, to practice their Jacques Asia, Christopher Hernando St. Augustine. Virginia. Jamestown religion, Pilgrims Marquette and Columbus reaches Cortes Today, is the first found the colony Louis Joliet the Caribbean. His begins St. Augustine, successful English of Plymouth in explore the voyage marks the conquest Florida, is the settlement in Massachusetts. Mississippi start of regular of the oldest city in. North America. River. contact between Aztec the U.S. Europe and the Empire. Americas. Christians Enslavement Protestant Dutch East India Louis XIV becomes expel Moors of Africans Reformation Company is formed king of France. and Jews begins. begins in to trade in Asia. from Spain. Europe. World Events 1492 1519 1565 1607 1620 1673 1492 1500’s 1517 1602 1643

Section 1 - An Era of exploration 3. How was Columbus allowed to reach the Americas? 4. What was the Atlantic Crossing? 1. What was the scene 1000 years ago and 500 years ago? 2. Who took early Voyages to the Americas? Vikings and Inuit natives traded cloth and furs. Later, after the Vikings had gone, explorers from Spain sailed into the Caribbean. Viking, Leif Erickson, created a settlement in Newfoundland in 1001; Asians crossed the Bering Sea into N. America; Polynesians came in canoes to study the stars and winds; China and Japan might have been blown off course and landed in S. America. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, from Spain, wanted their share of the Asian spice trade. Even though he was Italian, they gave Columbus the money to sail to the East Indies across the Atlantic Ocean. In 1492 Columbus set sail with 3 ships (Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria) and 90 sailors in hopes of finding the East Indies. He found the West Indies (the Caribbean Islands) instead.

7. What is the lasting impact? 8.What is a turning point? 5. Why did Spain “authorize” the Colonies? (Hispaniola now called Haiti and the Dominican Republic) 6. What is a colony? Columbus brought Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand gifts, told them of new things he had discovered, and promised the native, Tainos, people would convert to Christianity and be slaves. A colony is a group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by the government of their native land. Contact with Columbus and other explorers proved tragic for Native Americans. These explorers thought European culture was superior. They made the Natives work in mines, on ranches, and in Spanish homes where they were mistreated. The explorers also brought diseases that almost wiped out the whole population. A turning point is a moment in history that marks a decisive change.

To explore and settle other Caribbean islands, conquer Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Cuba, all by 1511 still in search of a western route to Asia. Vasco Nunez de Balboa reached it by walking, for 25 days, across the Isthmus of Panama. He claimed it for Spain in 1513. It took Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition 3 years (1519- 1522) to be the first one to sail across the Pacific and circumnavigate the world. 10. What is circumnavigate? 11. What is a global cultural exchange? Circumnavigate means to sail completely around, the world. A global cultural exchange is the encounter between peoples of the Eastern and Western hemispheres where goods and ideas are shared. 9.Why did the Spanish cross the Pacific?

13. What did the Europeans influence? Europeans influenced the Americas by introducing them to domestic animals like chickens. European pigs, cattle, and horses escaped into the wild and spread rapidly through North America. Horses were used by Indians for riding and carrying heavy loads. Europeans brought edible plants like bananas (from the Canary Islands), oranges, lemons, and figs. They also brought bluegrass, the daisy, and the dandelion to North America. Europeans brought new diseases like small pox and influenza which killed almost 90% of the people in the Caribbean islands and in Mexico within a 75 year span. The transfer of food, medicine, government, technology, the arts, and language from one hemisphere to another was called the Columbian Exchange because trading between them began with the voyages of Columbus. 13. What did the Europeans influence? 12. What is the Columbian Exchange?

14. What did Native Americans influence? Native Americans introduced Europeans to new customs and ideas. Native Americans introduced Europeans to valuable food crops like corn/maize, potatoes, beans, tomatoes, manioc, squash, peanuts, pineapples, blueberries, hot peppers, chilis, sweet potatoes. Peoples diets changed and populations increased. Native Americans also passed skills onto Europeans. Using snowshoes Trapping beavers and other fur-bearing animals Paddling canoes Political structuring