Unit 12 Light Waves and Sound

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 12 Light Waves and Sound

What is a Wave? Traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another Remember – Energy is the ability to do work or cause change

What is a wave? Where does the energy of a wave come from? Vibrations: An object that is vibrating is moving and vibrating objects transfer their energy to objects next to them

2 Main Types of Waves Transverse Waves Examples: Ocean waves, radio waves, light waves and heat waves Compression (Longitudinal) Waves Example: Sound waves

Transverse Waves Motion of the medium is at a right angle (90) to the direction of the wave movement

Parts of a Transverse Wave Crest: highest point of the wave Trough: lowest point of the wave

More on Transverse Waves Wavelength: () Distance between a point on one wave to the identical point on the next wave Amplitude: (a) Distance from crest or trough to the rest position of the wave Frequency: (f) The number of wave crests that pass a given point in a second

More on Transverse Waves

More on Transverse Waves

Math – Frequency and Wavelength Frequency and Wavelength are inversely related Frequency has units of 1/s or s-1 or Hertz (Hz) Wavelength has a unit of meters (m)

Math – Frequency and Wavelength Velocity of a wave is calculated by multiplying wavelength by frequency Velocity has units of meters/second (m/s) V =  x f Velocity = Wave length x frequency

Example Problem #1 A wave is generated in a wave pool at an amusement park. The wavelength is 3.2 m and the frequency is 0.60 Hz. What is the velocity of the wave?

Example Problem #2 Earthquakes can produce three types of waves. One of these is transverse wave called an “s” wave. A typical s wave travels at 5000 m/s. Its wavelength is 417 m. What is its frequency?

Compression/Longitudinal Wave Motion of the medium is parallel to the direction of the wave movement Examples: Sound waves, springs, coils

Compression/Longitudinal Wave Compressions expand to an area that is less dense Rarefaction: The less dense area in a compression wave

Compression/Longitudinal Wave In order to have a compression wave, there must be a medium (matter) Matter in a medium does not move forward. Instead the wave carries the energy forward.

Compression/Longitudinal Wave Wavelength (): One compression and one rarefaction Frequency (f): Number of compressions that pass a point per second

Interactions of Waves

Reflection Bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a surface Incident ray – incoming wave Reflected ray – reflected wave

Refraction Bending of a wave because of a change in medium

Diffraction Bending of a wave around the edges of an obstacle Waves move in a straight line unless they interact with an obstacle

Wave interference Interference – Interaction of waves that arrive at the same place at the same time Constructive Interference Destructive Interference