Session 22: Complete and Grammar 101

Did anyone go downtown for Super Bowl stuff? What did you do?? Should we always follow road signs or is it okay to not follow them all the time? Check-in Questions

Objectives: Learn how to identify STOP/GO Punctuation Practice STOP/GO Punctuation Practice other types of Grammar Questions that will appear on the ACT Objectives:

Complete & Incomplete Ideas What do you think makes an idea complete? What do you think makes an idea incomplete? Complete & Incomplete Ideas

Complete & Incomplete Ideas A complete idea can stand on its own as a complete sentence even though it may be part of a longer sentence. An incomplete idea CANNOT stand on its own as a complete sentence and must be appropriately linked to a complete idea. Complete & Incomplete Ideas

Let’s look at some examples!

Examples: Complete or Incomplete? Dominic sells lemonade To buy an iPod Why does she need money When she needs money Jennifer really wants Those cost more money than she has Examples: Complete or Incomplete?

Examples: Complete or Incomplete? Dominic sells lemonade - COMPLETE To buy an iPod - INCOMPLETE Why does she need money - COMPLETE When she needs money - INCOMPLETE Jennifer really wants - INCOMPLETE Those cost more money than she has - COMPLETE Examples: Complete or Incomplete?

STOP/GO Punctuation is about 12-13 questions in every ACT English section. Our group got 42% of STOP Punctuation questions right and 38% of GO Punctuation questions right on the last ACT. We can do better!!

When two complete ideas come together (like cars), you need STOP punctuation to indicate that they are separate (like preventing an accident). STOP Punctuation

STOP Punctuation Two COMPLETE Ideas. Period Semi-Colon Comma + FANBOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, S0) Question Mark Exclamation Mark STOP Punctuation Two COMPLETE Ideas.

Like traffic, good English writing needs to flow without unnecessary interruption. Unnecessary signals cause traffic jams! GO punctuation can link anything EXCEPT two complete ideas GO Punctuation

GO Punctuation Anything EXCEPT two COMPLETE ideas. Comma NO Punctuation (Concise!) If there is no reason to use a comma – don’t use one! GO Punctuation Anything EXCEPT two COMPLETE ideas.

YIELD Punctuation (Half-Stop) Half-Stops can only come AFTER a complete idea, but can be followed by anything (complete or incomplete ideas). TWO TYPES: Colon Single Dash YIELD Punctuation (Half-Stop)

In order to tell whether or not you have the correct punctuation in a sentence, you can use the Vertical Line Test. Let’s look at three examples to show you how it works. Vertical Line Test

An ESL teacher should not use her students’ native languages to make her points, since her students by definition want to learn English, she must encourage them to use it at all times. A. NO CHANGE B. points, considering C. points. Since D. points since Complete (C) Vertical Line Test

A teacher who is fluent in Mandarin, could not communicate with students who speak Cantonese. A. NO CHANGE B. fluent in Mandarin could not communicate C. fluent in Mandarin; could not communicate D. fluent in Mandarin could not communicate; Incomplete (I) Vertical Line Test

This process of immersion can be frustrating for students, forcing students to use English to express their thoughts expands comprehension and fluency. A. NO CHANGE B. This C. Since this process D. Although this process Complete (C) Vertical Line Test

Traffic Light Game! Groups in the back, designate a walker If the punctuation is okay as it is, your designated person can take a step forward. If the punctuation is not okay – STAY where you are. If you get it wrong, you have to go back to the beginning - and get a new walker. Traffic Light Game!

Complete Idea, Complete Idea. NOT OK

Incomplete Idea. Complete Idea. NOT OK

Complete Idea (nothing) Incomplete Idea. OK!

Complete Idea, FANBOYS Complete Idea. OK!

Complete Idea; Incomplete Idea. NOT OK

Incomplete Idea, Complete Idea. OK!

Complete Idea; Complete Idea. OK!

Incomplete Idea (nothing) Incomplete Idea. NOT OK

Complete Idea, Incomplete Idea. OK!

Complete Idea! Complete Idea. OK!

Incomplete Idea: Complete Idea. NOT OK

ALTHOUGH Liz loved pink; Complete Idea. NOT OK

Anne went shopping AND bought some boots. OK!

Cake HOWEVER is better with ice cream. NOT OK

When John wants a treat, Complete Idea. OK!

BREAK CPPS Rollouts: Enrichment Fair & St. Scholastica

Announcements MVD – Tues 2/13 At break today – use your popsicle sticks! Announcements

7 minutes – start working on page 31 and do as many problems as you can in that time Use the Vertical Line Test! STOP Punctuation – only between two complete ideas GO Punctuation – anything EXCEPT between two complete ideas Practice!

Commas There are 4 reasons to use a comma: Before FANBOYS as STOP Punctuation As GO Punctuation In a list of three or more Before and after unnecessary information Let’s take a quick look at examples of these last two. Commas

Additionally, teachers must be sure to speak slowly and clearly to provide both written and spoken instructions, and to check frequently for comprehension. A. NO CHANGE B. to, speak slowly and clearly, provide both written and spoken instructions C. to speak slowly and clearly, to provide both written and spoken instructions, D. to speak slowly and clearly providing for both written and spoken instructions Commas

An instructor can also employ context An instructor can also employ context. She may for example, wave to her students as she enters the room and says “Hello!” A. NO CHANGE B. may, for example wave C. may for example wave D. may, for example, wave Commas

Kahoot!

Page 26-27 – 9 minutes Last drill of the day!