Professor Kimberly Boyd Brenau Trustee Library APA Work SHOP

Video: http://libguides.brenau.edu/apa General Formatting Times New Roman 12 point font Black text – No embellishment One inch margins Double spaced Pages are numbered Paragraphs are indented using the tab key Video: http://libguides.brenau.edu/apa Link to guide to demo the APA and MS Word video. Not necessary to show the whole thing.

Language and wording No flowery language Do not write out the titles of articles, books, etc. in the body of your paper Do not address the reader Do not write in first person Avoid direct quotes Avoid bias – Be a detached observer

Writing Style Paragraph Structure: Begin paragraphs with a claim (a general statement about the content of the paragraph) Follow claims with evidence (the literature!) End paragraphs with a “so what” statement

EVIDENCE with CITATIONS Example EVIDENCE with CITATIONS CLAIM The emission of greenhouse gases attributed to burning fossil fuels, as well as rapid deforestation, has caused a shift in the earth’s natural climate patterns. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2016) in the last 46 years burning fossil fuels has been the leading cause of greenhouse gas emissions globally, attributing to 78% of total emissions, with deforestation being the second largest. These released gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which eventually leads to the current warmer climate (EPA, 2016). This elevated temperature has the ability to negatively impact agriculture, water supply, animal habitats, etc. needed to maintain a healthy atmosphere and a viable future for the earth’s population SO WHAT

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM? Why cite the evidence? A better question would be: Plagiarism occurs when writers “present the work of another as if it were their own work” (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 170). WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?

WHAT to cite Words or ideas from a magazine, book, newspaper, scholarly journal article, website, etc. Information from interviews or discussions with another person, whether face-to-face, over the phone, or in writing Exact words or unique phrases Reprints of any diagrams, illustrations, charts, pictures, or other visual materials

WHAT not to cite Your own analysis, observations and insights, thoughts, and conclusions about a subject “Common knowledge" Things like folklore common sense observations Myths historical events (but not historical documents)

Paraphrase the evidence We paraphrase when we have a list of items we need to include in our paper. We put the information into our own words and include the main points as well as the details. Paraphrases Restate all of the idea or information from a passage in your own words. Must be attributed to the original source. Will be about the same length as the original source.

Citations Have Two Parts 1. An in-text citation Tells the reader the source of the information Directs the reader to the entry on the References page to find the details 2. A reference entry on the References page Contains all the information necessary for the reader to locate and examine the original source Occurs at the end of a paper THE TWO PARTS MATCH The 2 parts match in 2 ways: in-text to the first 2 elements of the reference entry each citation has a reference entry and each reference entry has a citation

In-text citations (Two Authors) Beginning of the sentence: Knowles and Swanson (2012) argued that music improves health outcomes in intensive care unit patients. End of the sentence: Music can aid in the relief of stress of both patients and workers in the healthcare setting (Knowles & Swanson, 2012).

In-Text Citations (Three Authors) First Use Beginning of the sentence: Knowles, Holton, and Swanson (2012) argued that music improves health outcomes in intensive care unit patients. End of the sentence: Music can aid in the relief of stress of both patients and workers in the healthcare setting (Knowles, Holton, & Swanson, 2012).

In-Text Citations (Three Authors) Second Use Beginning of the sentence: Knowles et al. (2012) argued that music improves health outcomes in intensive care unit patients. End of the sentence: Music can aid in the relief of stress of both patients and workers in the healthcare setting (Knowles et al., 2012).

In-Text citations (six or more authors)First Use Beginning of the sentence: Knowles et al. (2012) argued that music improves health outcomes in intensive care unit patients. End of the sentence: Music can aid in the relief of stress of both patients and workers in the healthcare setting (Knowles et al., 2012).

Reference formatting Starts on a new page Titled References – Not bold, not fancy, no colon: Alphabetize the list Do not change the order of the authors who wrote an article Format with hanging indent rather than tabbing and spacing

Reference EntrY – Books Print: Knowles, M. S, Holton, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (2012). APA: The definitive resource guide. Abingdon, England: Routledge. Online without DOI: Knowles, M. S, Holton, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (2012). APA: The definitive resource guide. Retrieved from http://www.proquest.com/ libraries/academic/research-tools/elibrary_acad_pub.html

Reference Entry – journals with and without a doi Online with DOI: Mastnak, W. (2016). Community sound work: Music in open health settings - Voice and body, inclusion and therapy, individuality and indication. International Journal of Community Music, 9(1), 49-63. doi:10.1386/ijcm.9.1.49_1 Online without DOI: Washnik, N. J., Phillips, S. L., & Teglas, S. (2016). Student's music exposure: Full-day personal dose measurements. Noise & Health, 18(81), 98-103. Retrieved from http://www.noiseandhealth.org/

Reference Entry – Web Sites National Institutes of Mental Health. (n.d.). How music can help you heal. Retrieved from http://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/how-music-can-help-you-heal McAdoo, T. (2009). You can quote me on this. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/ apastyle/2009/12/ you-can-quote-me-on-this.html

THANK YOU! Questions? Answered here and now! Answered at home - http://libanswers.brenau.edu/ For videos and help - http://libguides.brenau.edu/apa THANK YOU!