Evolution Part 2

look Speciation is when a group of organisms ____ alike and can ________ to produce ______offspring. interbreed fertile

What is needed from a gene pool to form a new species? Subspecies

What are the 3 things that are needed for a new species to be formed? produce fertile offspring -Offspring develop completely -Offspring live to reproductive age

What are the 3 main mechanisms of isolation that lead to new species? Geographic -Behavioral -Temporal

What type of isolation is caused by a physical barrier? Give an example. Geographic -mountains, canyons, water etc.

What type of isolation is caused by differing mating signals What type of isolation is caused by differing mating signals? Give an example. Behavioral -bird mating songs

What type of isolation is caused mating in different seasons What type of isolation is caused mating in different seasons? Give an example. -Temporal -Seasonal change in mating-Autumn to winter

What is it called when speciation occurs slowly? Gradualism

What is it called when speciation occurs in bursts with long periods between? Punctuated equilibrium

The theory that the living comes from nonliving is Spontaneous generation

The theory that all living things come from other living things? Biogenesis

Which theory is the one that modern scientists believe to be true? Biogensis

When was Earth formed? 4.6 bya

What types of cells were formed first What types of cells were formed first? They were followed by what type of cells .5 billion years later? -prokaryote ~2bya eukaryote~1.5bya

Using the information above, scientists developed the Endosymbiotic Theory which states…… The eukaryote cells came from prokaryote cells

What was missing from primitive Earth’s atmosphere that modern life requires? Oxygen

What is it called that we divide history into significant time periods? Geologic timeline

What is it called when an event cause many things is disappear at the same time? Give 2 examples that could cause it. periods

What is it called when an event cause many things is disappear at the same time? Give 2 examples that could cause it. -Mass extinction -volcano eruptions -climate changes

What is the change in hereditary features in a species over time? evolution

What is the change in hereditary features in a species over time? evolution

What are primates that can walk upright on 2 legs? Give 2 examples. -hominids -gorilla -human

What are the 4 characteristics of hominids? -Bipedal -Binocular vision -opposable thumb -Dental formula

What is the ability to walk on 2 legs called? bipedal

What are the 2 main benefits of this type of movement? -gives speed -frees hands

What is free rotating digit on hand (easily touch other fingers)? Opposable thumb

What is the benefit in this type of thumb? Grabbing objects and precision

What is it when the dental pattern is in a similar arrangement? Dental formula

Why are the teeth different? For different uses

What was the “Southern Ape” and how long ago did they exist? -Australopithecus -3-5mya

Describe them: -small brain -bipedal -similar pelvis

Who was the “handy man” and how long ago did they exist? -Homo habilis -1.5-2 mya

What were they the 1st to do? Make and use tools

Describe them. Larger braincase

Who was the “upright man” and how long ago did they exist? -Homo erectus -~1.75 mya

What were they the 1st to do? To leave Africa

Describe their lifestyles. -hunters -used fire -lived in caves

Describe them. -larger brain -humanlike face

Which hominid lived 200,000-300,000 y.a.? Homo neanderthalensis

Were they direct ancestors of the modern human? no

What were they the 1st to do? Use spoken language

Describe them. -thick bones -large face -prominent nose

Which hominids were the 1st to be direct ancestors to modern humans and when did they live? -Homo sapien Cro-Magnon -40,000-50,000 ya

Describe their lifestyles. -advanced tools -religious views -cave paintings

What characteristics are similar to modern humans? -height -skull -teeth -brain size similar to modern humans

What are the 4 “ages” and list the corresponding period. -Ice Age-Quaternary -Age of Dinosaurs-Triassic -Age of Fish-Devonian -Age of invertebrates

List the 4 eras and match them to all their periods. -Cenozoic Era-(1.Tertiary and 2. Quaternary periods) -Mesozoic Era- (1. Triassic, 2. Jurassic, & 3. Cretaceous) -Paleozoic Era-(1.Cambrian, 2.Ordovician, 3.Silurian, 4. Ordovician, 5.Cambrian) -Precambrian

What period and era are we living in? Cenozoic Era and Quaternary Period

What is the largest era? Precambrian