Disialoganglioside GD3 is selectively expressed by developing and mature human mast cells  Shunlin Ren, PhDa, Naotomo Kambe, MDa, Zhongmin Du, PhDa, Yongli Li, MDa, Han-Zhang Xia, MSa, Michiyo Kambe, MDa, Erhard Bieberich, PhDb, Andrea Pozez, MDc, Margaret Grimes, MDd, Robert K. Yu, PhDb, Anne-Marie Irani, MDe, Lawrence B. Schwartz, MD, PhDa  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 107, Issue 2, Pages 322-330 (February 2001) DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.112272 Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Expressions of ganglioside GD3 on fetal liver–derived cells. A , Surface GD3+ cells increase along with those positive for surface Kit, granule tryptase, and metachromasia. Cultures of fetal liver cells with rhSCF were analyzed after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Three different preparations of fetal liver were used for each time point. B , Histograms of fetal liver cells labeled either with anti-GD3 mAb (left) or anti-Kit mAb (right) during culture with rhSCF (unshaded area) compared with nonimmune control mAbs (shaded area) . Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 322-330DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.112272) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Characterization of GD3 expression on fetal liver–derived mast cells by double labeling. A , GD3 resides on Kit+ mast cells. FACScan analysis was performed on fetal liver–derived cells after 28 days of culture with rhSCF. Cells were double labeled with anti-GD3 mAb/FITC-conjugated goat IgG against mouse Ig and PE-conjugated anti-Kit mAb. Neither nonimmune PE-conjugated IgG1 nor IgG3, when substituted for the corresponding immune mAb, labeled these cells. B , GD3 resides in tryptase-positive mast cells. Fetal liver–derived mast cells at culture day 28 were cytocentrifuged, fixed in 4% buffered formalin, washed in PBS, and labeled with anti-GD3 mAb/FITC-conjugated rat anti-mouse IgG3 (top) and TRITC-anti-tryptase mAb (bottom) . The same field of view is shown in the top and bottom panels . Immunofluorescence was analyzed with a fluorescence microscope (model BX50, Olympus Optical Co Ltd) and U-MNG and U-MNB filters to show only FITC and TRITC fluorescence, respectively, and photographed by using the PM-30 exposure control unit. Substitution of TRITC-conjugated mouse IgG1 for G3 anti-tryptase or mouse IgG3 for R24 anti-GD3 each failed to label cells with the double-labeling procedure. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 322-330DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.112272) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 GD3 resides in mast cells from skin (A-D) and lung (E-H) tissue. Sections from tissues fixed in formalin (A , B , E , and F ) or cytospin preparations fixed in formalin (C , D , G , and H ) were double labeled with TRITC-conjugated anti-tryptase mAb and anti-GD3 mAb/FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse Ig and analyzed as in Fig 2, B . Note that A and B show the same field, as do pairs C and D , E and F , and G and H . In A the arrowhead points to keratin layer of epidermis. In G and H filled arrowheads point to double-labeled cells. In G open arrowheads point to cells labeled with anti-GD3 mAb but not anti-tryptase mAb. Yellow-colored cells in G are autofluorescent and easily distinguished from green FITC-labeled cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 322-330DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.112272) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 HPTLC of glycolipids from fetal liver–derived cells. A, HPTLC of neutral glycosphingolipids. Extracts were prepared from fetal liver–derived cells cultured with rhSCF at 1, 14, 21, and 28 days and analyzed. Experimental samples are in lanes labeled by the day of harvest. Lane S1 , Lactosylceramide (LacCer) ; lane S2 , glucosylceramide (GlcCer) ; lane S3, neutral glycolipid mixture: glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide (GalCer ), lactosylcer-amide, Gb3, and globoside (Gb4) . Each experimental lane contains glycolipids from 106 cells. The bands were visualized by spraying with the orcinol-H2SO4 reagent. B, HPTLC of gangliosides from fetal liver–derived mast cells. Lane S1, Human brain-derived ganglioside mixture used as standard; lane S2, ganglioside GD3 purified from bovine buttermilk. Lanes 1, 14, 21, and 28 reflect the day of harvest for the experimental samples. Each lane contains gangliosides from 107 cells. The bands were visualized by spraying with the orcinol-H2SO4 reagent. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 322-330DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.112272) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Surface GD3 expression on human peripheral leukocytes determined by using flow cytometry. A, GD3 is expressed on small portions of the CD3+ lymphocytes and the CD3– monocytes. In the preparation shown, 24% of the cells were predominantly monocytes, 76% were lymphocytes, and 0.3% were other myeloid or erythroid cells, as determined by staining with May-Grünwald and Giemsa dyes. Cells from this mononuclear cell preparation were double labeled with anti-CD3 and anti-GD3 mAbs, as previously described. B, GD3 is not expressed on neutrophils and eosinophils. Cells from the neutrophil-eosinophil layer contained 90% neutrophils, 9% eosinophils, 0.4% basophils, and 0.2% lymphocytes, as determined by staining with May-Grünwald and Giemsa dyes and were double labeled with anti-CD3 and GD3 mAbs. Numbers in the upper left and right panels and in the lower right panel depict the percentage of cells in the corresponding quadrant of A and B . Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 322-330DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.112272) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 GD3 is expressed on human peripheral basophils. In A basophils were identified by FcεRI surface expression with anti-FcεRIα mAb. In B this information was used to establish a basophil-selective gate (encircled area) . C shows that the vast majority of cells within this gate are basophils. D shows the presence of anti-GD3 mAb-labeled cells within this gate; GD3 expression was observed on most of the cells. A modest portion of the cells outside of this gate also expressed GD3 (approximately 10%). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 322-330DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.112272) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions