1 Heating and Cooling of Structure Observations by Thermo Imaging Camera during the Cardington Fire Test, January 16, 2003 Pašek J., Svoboda J., Wald F. Technical University in Prague has produced this lesson with the support of the EU Fifth Framework project No. CV 5535 Tensile membrane action and robustness of structural steel joints under natural fire.

2 Fin Plate Connection before the Experiment

3 400,0°C 980,0°C t = 26 min. con,ø = 275 °C In 26 min. of fire is temperature of the structure under 400°C.

4 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 28T con,ø = 330 °C t = 28 con,ø = 330 °C t = 26 min. con,ø = 275 °C

5 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 30T con,ø = 390 °C By heating is connection colder compare to connected beam t = 30 min. con,ø = 390 °C

6 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 32T con,ø = 440 °C t = 32 min. con,ø = 440 °C By heating is connection colder compare to connected beam

7 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 34T con,ø = 480 °C t = 34 min. con,ø = 480 °C

8 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 36T con,ø = 520 °C Buckling of beam lower flange t = 36 min. con,ø = 520 °C

9 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 38T con,ø = 565 °C t = 38 min. con,ø = 565 °C Buckling of beam lower flange

10 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 40T con,ø = 590 °C t = 40 min. con,ø = 590 °C Buckling of beam lower flange

11 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 42T con,ø = 645 °C t = 42 min. con,ø = 645 °C Buckling of beam lower flange

12 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 44T con,ø = 660 °C t = 44 min. con,ø = 660 °C Buckling of beam lower flange

13 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 46T con,ø = 685 °C t = 46 min. con,ø = 685 °C

14 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 48T con,ø = 710 °C t = 48 min. con,ø = 710 °C

15 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 50T con,ø = 730 °C t = 50 min. con,ø = 730 °C

16 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 52T con,ø = 775 °C t = 52 min. con,ø = 775 °C

17 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 54T con,ø = 810 °C t = 54 min. con,ø = 810 °C

18 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 56T con,ø = 835 °C The maximal temperature of 1088 °C of secondary beam was reached by its lower flange in 57 min. t = 56 min. con,ø = 835 °C

19 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 58T con,ø = 855 °C t = 58 min. con,ø = 855 °C

20 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 00T con,ø = 880 °C t = 60 min. con,ø = 880 °C

21 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 02T con,ø = 900 °C Maximal temperature of fin plate connection 908,3°C was reached in 63 min. t = 62 min. con,ø = 900 °C

22 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 04T con,ø = 885 °C t = 64 min. con,ø = 885 °C

23 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 06T con,ø = 860 °C t = 66 min. con,ø = 860 °C

24 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 08T con,ø = 840 °C t = 68 min. con,ø = 840 °C

25 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 10T con,ø = 820 °C t = 70 min. con,ø = 820 °C

26 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 12T con,ø = 800 °C t = 72 min. con,ø = 800 °C

27 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 14T con,ø = 790 °C t = 74 min. con,ø = 790 °C

28 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 16T con,ø = 770 °C t = 76 min. con,ø = 770 °C

29 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 18T con,ø = 755 °C t = 78 min. con,ø = 775 °C

30 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 20T con,ø = 745 °C t = 80 min. con,ø = 745 °C

31 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 22T con,ø = 740 °C t = 82 min. con,ø = 740 °C

32 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 24T con,ø = 730 °C t = 84 min. con,ø = 730 °C

33 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 26T con,ø = 720 °C t = 76 min. con,ø = 720 °C

34 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 28T con,ø = 710 °C t = 78 min. con,ø = 710 °C

35 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 30T con,ø = 690 °C t = 90 min. con,ø = 690 °C

36 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 32T con,ø = 680 °C t = 92 min. con,ø = 680 °C

37 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 34T con,ø = 670 °C t = 94 min. con,ø = 670 °C

38 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 36T con,ø = 650 °C t = 96 min. con,ø = 650 °C

39 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 38T con,ø = 640 °C t = 98 min. con,ø = 640 °C

40 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 40T con,ø = 635 °C t = 100 min. con,ø = 635 °C The connection is warmer compare to the connected beam by cooling of the structure, but never reached the beam maximal temperature.

41 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 42T con,ø = 620 °C t = 102 min. con,ø = 620 °C The connection is warmer compare to the connected beam by cooling of the structure, but never reached the beam maximal temperature.

42 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 44T con,ø = 600 °C t = 104 min. con,ø = 600 °C The connection is warmer compare to the connected beam by cooling of the structure, but never reached the beam maximal temperature.

43 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 46T con,ø = 585 °C t = 106 min. con,ø = 585 °C

44 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 48T con,ø = 560 °C t = 108 min. con,ø = 560 °C

45 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 50T con,ø = 540 °C t = 110 min. con,ø = 540 °C

46 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 52T con,ø = 520 °C t = 112 min. con,ø = 520 °C

47 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 54T con,ø = 505 °C t = 114 min. con,ø = 505 °C

48 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 56T con,ø = 485 °C t = 116 min. con,ø = 585 °C

49 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 58T con,ø = 470 °C t = 118 min. con,ø = 470 °C

50 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 00T con,ø = 450 °C t = 120 min. con,ø = 450 °C

51 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 02T con,ø = 435 °C t = 122 min. con,ø = 435 °C

52 400,0°C 980,0°C t = t h 04T con,ø = 420 °C After two hours of a natural fire is temperature of the structure under 400°C. t = 124 min. con,ø = 420 °C

53 Fin plate connection after the experiment

54 Temperature Differences Measured by Thermocouples Maximal temperature of fin plate by 4th bolt 908 °C in 63 min.

55 Measured 908 °C in 63 min.; predicted 878 °C in 53 min. Prediction by prEN : 2004

56 Pašek J., Svoboda J., Wald F. Technical University in Prague has produced this lesson with the support of the EU Fifth Framework project No. CV 5535 Tensile membrane action and robustness of structural steel joints under natural fire. Thank you for your Attention