Sponges & Cnidarians

Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates: no backbone; 95% of animals Vertebrates: have a backbone

What Animals Do to Survival Feeding – ingest or eat food Respiration – O2  CO2 Circulation – Diffusion or Circulatory System Excretion – ammonia Response – nervous system Movement Reproduction

Early Development Blastula – zygote  hollow ball of cells Blatopore – inner tube Protostome – balstopore  mouth Invertebrates Deuterostome – blastopore  anus Echinoderms & Vertebrates Endoderm – inner layer; digestive & respiratory Mesoderm – middle layer; muscles & circulatory Ectoderm – outer layer; sense organs, nerves, & skin

Body Symmetry Radial Symmetry – any number of plans can be drawn through the center to divide the body into equal halves Bilateral Symmetry – only a single plane can divide the body into equal halves Asymmetrical – no plans can divide the animal into equal halves

Sponges Asymmetrical The movement of water through the sponge provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation, & excreation Spicule - skeleton is made of chalklike calcium carbonate or glasslike silica

Cnidarians Soft-bodied, carnivorous animals Stinging tentacles around their mouth Body symmetry and specialized tissue Their sting releases poisons that paralyze or kill their prey

Cnidarians Life Cycle: includes polyp & medusa Feeding: Gastrovascular Cavity A digestive chamber where food enters & waste exists Respiration, Circulation, & Excretion: diffusion

Cnidarians Response – specialized sensory cells Movement – hydrostatic skeleton or jet propulsion Reproduction – external fertilization

Groups of Cnidarians Jelly Fish, Hydras, Sea Anemones, & Coral