Micromegas-TPC development for rare event detection

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Presentation transcript:

Micromegas-TPC development for rare event detection 3rd symposium on Large TPCs for low energy rare event detection, Paris, 11-12 December 2006. Leila Ounalli Neuchâtel University

Restrictive conditions for rare event detection Big detector mass (high pressure), Radioactive background as low as possible (underground laboratory + radio-pure components), Good energy resolution (FWHM), High gas gain (collected charge / initial charge).

The eye and the retina Cones Sticks Light Optic nerve Brain (analyze, classify, memorize)

The TPC and Micromegas spacers Dave Nygren (1970) Woven wires 1mm spacers Cathode Grid Amplification (> 50 m) Micromesh Ed ~ 200V/cm Ea ~ 40-100kV/cm Anode Conversion + Drift (gamma, RX, UV …) e- Dave Nygren (1970) Woven wires http://www.bopp.ch/ Micromegas « Compact » analyze, classify, memorize.

The Neuchâtel mini-TPC miniTPC(10X20cm) The source position. max of count @ dC-g=18cm Edrift The drift electric field choice: Ed= 200 V.cm-1.bar-1 The gap dimension (dgrille-anode ): (75-100-250 µm) High pressure + low voltages The quencher choice and %: - Xe + (CF4, isobutene): double beta decay - CF4 + (Xe, Ar): solar n @ low E

Why we replace the MWPC by the Micromegas micro-pattern?

Charge deviation from their trajectories. (RE + ξ ) bad (50% @ 6 keV) http://www.bopp.ch Contours of V near the amplification gap x10-3 Y-Axis[cm] X-Axis[cm] Comparison with MWPC’s Y-Axis[cm] X-Axis[cm] Circular form: Charge deviation from their trajectories. (RE + ξ ) bad (50% @ 6 keV) rectilinear: E uniform: // of electrons. (RE + ξ ) good (35% @ 6keV with 1 bar of CF4)

How to operate the Micromegas-TPC at higher pressures? The increase of the gap amplification permits a good charge collection at high pressure C G Amplification (75, 250) m Micromesh A Conversion + Drift

Why we choose a gap of 250 µm? 250 µm 104 @ 4 bar 75 µm

How to improve the charge collection in Xe? A small CF4 addition is sufficient

CF4 is the best additive for Xe ← improves the charge collection. P: 1.00 atm, Ed=200 V.cm-1.atm-1, Gap: 100 µm ■ Xe-CF4 (2, 5, 10, 50%) ▲ Xe-isobutene (2%) CF4 addition: increases the electron drift velocity in Xe. reduces longitudinal and transversal diffusions.

Optimal parameters Ed= 200 V.cm-1.atm-1. Gap: 250 µm. Gas: Xe(98)CF4(2) Make preliminary tests in the mini-TPC of Neuchâtel (241Am).

The Xe(98)CF4(2) gain and the energy resolution @ 60 keV at different pressures 1.05 atm 2.01 atm 3.00 atm 4.00 atm Gas: Xe(98)CF4(2) Ed= 200V.cm-1.atm-1 Source: 241Am (37kBq) ▲ 8.05 keV Cu-Kα 29.779 keV Xe-Kα 103

Pulse height spectra of 241Am source in Xe(98)CF4(2) with a Micromegas-TPC 63% @ 8 keV G ≈ 1340 19% @ 30 keV G ≈ 1670 36% @ 30 keV 68% @ 8 keV Cu-Kα Xe-Kα Pulser 1 bar 3 bar

Radio-pure and radio-active components

The Germanium detector : gamma spectrometry Ge (400 cm3) “Vue-des-Alpes”

Copper (TPC+rings+cathode). Glue (araldite). Grid (Stainless steel). Kevlar Resin-epoxy Lead. Copper (TPC+rings+cathode). Glue (araldite). Grid (Stainless steel). insulators (delrin, teflon) Radio-pure 2614 x104 Printed-circuit (resin-epoxy). Resistances (ceramic). Solder (210Pb) Radio-active

Gotthard results

The Gotthard TPC diameter: 50 cm TPC (60X70cm) Micromegas Gap: 250 µm Gotthard-TPC calibration @ low energies (241Am, 133Ba). Estimate the radioactive background of the TPC. - Find the sources of noise: Measure the radioactivity of components using a Ge detector “Vue-des-Alpes”.

The compact Micromegas is tested before being installed

Micromegas (50 cm of diameter): (Am and Ba) sources effect 81 keV (133Ba) 53% @ 60 keV (241Am) 60 keV (241Am) The Compton plateau (133Ba)

The behavior of the background registered in the Gotthard TPC 1 bar of P10 gas 46 keV 3 bar of P10 gas

Conclusions We improve the energy resolution when we replace the MWPC with a Micromegas. Xe(98)CF4(2): ideal for double beta search: high gains, good efficiency, good (energy, spatial and time) resolutions. Increase the gap (amplification): permits a good charge collection in Xe and go up at higher pressures. Micromegas in compact: (50 cm) showed high efficiency and good energy resolution.