Chapter 3 Section 1 THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

The Southern Colonies Founding a New Colony Powhatan Confederacy 1605- Company of English merchants went to the king to get a charter and it was granted in 1606 April 26, 1607- 105 Colonists arrived in America By May 14, they went 40 miles up the James River and found the FIRST permanent settlement Jamestown The colonists were very unprepared By winter 2/3 had passed away Powhatan Confederacy John Smith took over as leader Built a fort, and created rules that rewarded hard work Formed an agreement with the Powhatan tribes Learned to grow corn and were brought food

The Southern Colonies 1609- 400 more settlers arrived Bad winter with sickness, and famine hit, in the spring only 60 still alive John Rolfe takes over and makes Jamestown a profitable venture Introduces new type of tobacco War in Virginia Rolfe marries Pocahontas in 1614 She dies in England in 1617 1622- Powhatan leader is killed by Colonists Powhatan people attack the colonists War continues for 20 years 1624- Virginia goes to a royal colony that the governor is chosen by the king.

The Southern Colonies Daily Life in Virginia Headright System People didn’t live in towns that much but in scattered farms Some wealthy owners created large plantations where items such as tobacco were grown Under the Headright system, the London land company’s would give 50 acres of land to those who paid their own way, if they brought people with them they could get an additional 50 acres, so the wealthy who brought lots of servants received lots of land.

The Southern Colonies Labor in Virginia Expansion of Slavery Very high death rates in Virginia, led to a lack of workers. Many workers were indentured servants (worked for 4 -7 years to pay off debt) Expansion of Slavery 1619- Dutch brought Africans workers to Virginia Some were servants, others were slaves Price of slavery fell and labor shortages caused slavery to increase

The Southern Colonies Bacon’s Rebellion Other Southern Colonies A rise in Taxes and lack of protection in Jamestown caused protests 1676- Group led by Nathaniel Bacon attacked some peaceful native Americans, which hurt trade, when the government tried stop him, they attacked the colony and burned Jamestown. Other Southern Colonies Maryland Established by George Calvert (Lord of Baltimore) for a place for the English Catholics to go to Charter was actually given to his son Cecilius who named the colony after Queen Mary

The Southern Colonies Maryland (continued) Was suppose to be a proprietary colony (owned by an individual or a couple of people) Economy on farming, raising cattle and hogs Protestants started to move to the colony as well, led to conflict between the them and the Catholics Toleration Act of 1649 Bill made it a crime to restrict religious rights of Christians First bill supporting religious tolerance

The Southern Colonies Carolinas and Georgia Use to be one large colony, then broke apart in 1712 North Carolina residents were Virginians who moved south South Carolina was made up of people who were immigrating from Europe Georgia was formed as a debtors colony and shield from the Spanish by James Oglethorpe Oglethorpe outlawed slavery and limited land grant size, but that ended leading to large rice plantations worked by slaves.

The Southern Colonies Economies of the Southern Colonies Depended on Agriculture, and needed the other colonies to get shipping material Grew Cash crops such as tobacco, rice and indigo Needed large amount of labor to farm the plantations so Slavery became the norm Slave Codes were passed to control the large populations