Chapter 11 Jacksonian America

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 Andrew Jackson became the first president from a state west of the original thirteen. He became the symbol of the age and of Americanism.

Jackson and the Spoils System Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 Jackson and the Spoils System spoils system: rewarded friends and followers with government positions disadvantages produced inefficiency and corruption aided the growth of political machines

result set a negative precedent Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 result set a negative precedent abolished by the Civil Service Act of 1883

Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet “Kitchen Cabinet” Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet “Kitchen Cabinet” a group of close friends that served as his informal advisors

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 Reformers during the Jacksonian era launched crusades to free slaves and give women more rights.

Attitudes and Policies causes Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 Attitudes and Policies causes lack of understanding wanted their land

actions signed treaties and sent them west Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 actions signed treaties and sent them west Indian Removal Act: gave the military the power to move the Indians by force

Cherokees: refused to give up their lands Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 Trouble in the South 1833: The Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws had been moved to lands west of the Mississippi. Cherokees: refused to give up their lands

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 Worcester v. Georgia: The court ordered Georgia to release Worcester and ordered Jackson to send in troops to protect Cherokee lands. Treaty of New Echota: gave the U.S. government possession of the Cherokee lands

Trail of Tears, 1838: the forced removal of the Cherokees to Oklahoma Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 Trail of Tears, 1838: the forced removal of the Cherokees to Oklahoma

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 The Black Hawk War Sauk and Fox tribes (led by Black Hawk) were forced to relocate to Iowa. When they returned to Illinois to search for food, they were attacked by the state militia.

Bad Axe Massacre: Militias killed most of Black Hawk’s army. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 Bad Axe Massacre: Militias killed most of Black Hawk’s army.

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 One of the most important issues during the Jackson presidency was the issue of states’ rights.

revenue tariff: a tariff designed to raise money Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 Tariff Troubles revenue tariff: a tariff designed to raise money

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 Reasons for Tariffs protective tariff: protected American businesses and manufacturers from foreign competition, but also raised the price of foreign goods

factors affecting development of northern industry Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 factors affecting development of northern industry abundant rivers (energy source) available capital (money) abundant labor supply

The Tariff of Abominations Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 The Tariff of Abominations 1824: increased the tariff and put more products on the list 1828: “tariff of abominations”

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 As cotton prices dropped, production costs rose, which Southerners blamed on the high tariff.

The Defense of States’ Rights John C. Calhoun Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 The Defense of States’ Rights John C. Calhoun leader defender of states’ rights promoted the idea of nullifying tariffs

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 Webster vs. Hayne the South and West unite: The South supported a cheap land policy in exchange for western support of tariff reform.

Robert Y. Hayne, SC: defended the concept of nullification Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 Robert Y. Hayne, SC: defended the concept of nullification Daniel Webster, MA: attacked nullification point by point, carefully defending the Constitution and the federal union

Calhoun and Jackson Clash Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 Calhoun and Jackson Clash Jackson was offended by Calhoun’s behavior toward Peggy Eaton. Jackson came to her defense. Calhoun resigned the vice-presidency and Martin Van Buren succeeded him.

A Time of Crisis tariff of 1832 Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 A Time of Crisis tariff of 1832 gained some support in the South and West because it was a bit lower than the 1828 tariff retained high tariffs on textiles and iron

Force Bill: granted Jackson the right to use force to enforce laws Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 Ordinance of Nullification: nullified the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 and threatened to secede if the government used force Force Bill: granted Jackson the right to use force to enforce laws

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 Compromise of 1833: would gradually lower the tariff over the course of ten years to under 20%

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 The central issue in the election of 1832 was the future of the National Bank.

Jackson’s Clash with Biddle Nicholas Biddle Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 Jackson’s Clash with Biddle Nicholas Biddle president of the Bank of the United States wanted the Bank to be rechartered; therefore he gave loans to Jackson supporters

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 President Jackson disliked banks and thought that the federal government had too much power viewed National Bank as unconstitutional used the jealousies of the state banks and others opposed to the Bank to kill its recharter

Jackson and the “Pet Banks” Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 Jackson and the “Pet Banks” In an effort to kill the National Bank, Jackson withheld funds and instead deposited tax revenue in state banks (“pet banks”).

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 Biddle responded by calling in loans owed by state banks, which caused many state banks to fail. To counteract the bank failures, Biddle began lending money which caused massive inflation.

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 Distribution Bill: gave money to state governments to be used on internal improvements in order to stimulate the economy

required gold or silver to be used in the purchase of government lands Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 The Specie Circular required gold or silver to be used in the purchase of government lands

increased the power of the presidency Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 The Jacksonian Legacy increased the power of the presidency defended the Union on certain issues, deferred to the states on others

Whigs: new political party Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 The Election of 1836 Whigs: new political party issues supported the National Bank, a protective tariff, and internal improvements more openly concerned with religion and morals

Democrats: nominated Martin Van Buren Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 candidates Hugh L. White William Henry Harrison Daniel Webster Democrats: nominated Martin Van Buren

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America

faced an economic depression Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 The Van Buren Years faced an economic depression proposed an independent treasury system that would consist of a number of federal vaults and depositories

made changes to the Supreme Court Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 made changes to the Supreme Court greatest impact of this court came in the late 1850s when it supported states’ rights

The Election of 1840 candidates campaign Democrats: Martin Van Buren Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 The Election of 1840 candidates Democrats: Martin Van Buren Whigs: William Henry Harrison campaign The Whigs portrayed Harrison as a common man.

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America

conflict with his party Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 Tyler Too conflict with his party Henry Clay believed Tyler should govern through a congressional committee.

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 The Man Without a Party The Preemption Act of 1841: allowed squatters to buy western lands when they came up for public sale Tyler was expelled from the party after vetoing a bill to establish a new national bank.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 The Webster-Ashburton Treaty determined the United States’ northern border with Canada between Minnesota and Maine

Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America

The End of Tyler’s Term the Texas question Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 The End of Tyler’s Term the Texas question sought to annex Texas in time for the election of 1844 annexed by a joint resolution just before he left office