Evolution of Populations AP Biology Chapter 23 Evolution of Populations

Phenotypic Polymorphisms Witches Peak (forehead)

Phenotypic Polymorphisms Blood Types

Genotypic Polymorphisms Skin pigmentation “Coloration”

Albinoism NO PIGMENTATION

Sickle Cell (a point mutation)

Mean height (cm) Altitude (m) Sierra Nevada Range Great Basin Plateau Cline Heights of yarrow plants grown in common garden 100 Mean height (cm) 50 3,000 Altitude (m) 2,000 Sierra Nevada Range Great Basin Plateau 1,000 Seed collection sites

Evolutionary Flow flow = movement

Heterozygous Advantage Frequencies of the sickle-cell allele 0–2.5% 2.5–5.0% 5.0–7.5% Distribution of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (a protozoan) 7.5–10.0% 10.0–12.5% >12.5%

Sexual Dimorphism

Intrasexual competition

Intersexual competition