Key American Civil War Battles 1861-1862 2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877

Key American Civil War Battles 1861-1862 Good learning: Recap on the position of both sides at the start of the war Great learning: Explain what happened during 1861-1862 Even better: Evaluate to what extent Antietam could be considered a turning point in the war Key Words: First Manassas Antietam

How well prepared were both sides at the start? Overview and recap In a nutshell, neither side were well prepared going to the war. The Union only had a 16,000 strong regular army (which was mainly scattered), whilst the Confederates had to start from scratch. They had 300 or so officers who had resigned from the regular army to help lead the confederates on the battle field. However, they did have more success with the state militia compared to the north. There were problems elsewhere too. Lincoln also had no military experience and their leading general, Winfield Scott, had no general staff, no strategic plans and no programme for mobilisation. On the other hand Davis had some military experience and was quicker to act in term of getting me signed up to voluntary service. However, their problem would come with the fact that they had limited manufacturing capacity and would therefore struggle to equip their volunteers. Despite this, there were advantages to both sides. Lets see what you can remember from what we have done so far in terms of who was in the better position…. RECAP the position of both sides at the start of the war EXPLAIN what happened during 1861-1862 EVALUATE to what extent Antietam could be considered a turning point in the war

Statements will appear one at a time Statements will appear one at a time. You need to write on your whiteboard whether it was a Union or Confederate advantage They had a strong pool of military experience. Most men in the army stayed loyal to them. They had naval supremacy. They were willing to hold out and hoped that back home people would question the high losses and therefore win by default. 1n 1860 they had six times more factories and ten times productive capacity compared to the opposition. They had many geographical features that worked in their favour, such as the vast amount of land, the road and railway systems and the network of rivers. Slaves were left on the home front, which mean that more white manpower could be freed up to fight. They produced more agriculturally. Morale, commitment and enthusiasm was stronger here. They believed they had better soldiers, for example they had dominated senior posts. Not everyone was committed to the cause which worked in their favour and created pockets of resistance in vital territories. Cotton was their biggest weapon. It would help buy military supplies and lead to a break between their opposition and Britain. RECAP the position of both sides at the start of the war EXPLAIN what happened during 1861-1862 EVALUATE to what extent Antietam could be considered a turning point in the war 4

RECAP EXPLAIN EVALUATE They had a strong pool of military experience. Most men in the army stayed loyal to them. (Union) They had naval supremacy. (Union) They were willing to hold out and hoped that back home people would question the high losses and therefore win by default. (Confederates) 1n 1860 they had six times more factories and ten times productive capacity compared to the opposition. (Union) They had many geographical features that worked in their favour, such as the vast amount of land, the road and railway systems and the network of rivers. (Confederates) Slaves were left on the home front, which mean that more white manpower could be freed up to fight. (Confederates) They produced more agriculturally. (Union) Morale, commitment and enthusiasm was stronger here. (Confederates) They believed they had better soldiers, for example they had dominated senior posts. (Confederates) Not everyone was committed to the cause which worked in their favour and created pockets of resistance in vital territories. (Union) Cotton was their biggest weapon. It would help buy military supplies and lead to a break between their opposition and Britain. (Confederates) RECAP the position of both sides at the start of the war EXPLAIN what happened during 1861-1862 EVALUATE to what extent Antietam could be considered a turning point in the war 5

The Civil War’s ‘theatres’ Before we start looking at the war, we should think about the areas in which it was fought. The Civil War was not only fought on the banks of Richmond, but stretched much further than this. Whilst the East did see the brunt of the fighting, both the West and the sea were also ‘theatres’ for the war. Using the information on pages 150-151, think about the following questions: What issues were there to fighting around Richmond and the East coast Why was the west considered a vulnerable area for the Confederacy? Why was a blockade at sea crucial? RECAP the position of both sides at the start of the war EXPLAIN what happened during 1861-1862 EVALUATE to what extent Antietam could be considered a turning point in the war

Flipped Learning: Due today July 1861 Dec 1862 BATTLES WHAT TO MENTION First Manassas/Bull Run Shiloh Peninsular Campaign Shenandoah Valley Seven Days Second Manassas Antietam Fredericksburg Generals involved No. of troops Who won Decisive factors that lead to success Importance/impact (eg. Missed opportunities, etc) With your partner: 1. What battles were turning points in this period? Why? RECAP the position of both sides at the start of the war EXPLAIN what happened during 1861-1862 EVALUATE to what extent Antietam could be considered a turning point in the war

Antietam: A Turning Point? ‘No other campaign and battle in the war had such momentous, multiple consequences as Antietam.’ TASK: Use the following clip and your homework to make a list of the different reasons that suggest Antietam was a turning point. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjIbFTrqwU87 Now swap your answers with a partner and lets see what you managed to get: Emancipation Proclamation Britain and France won’t recognise the Confederacy Bloodiest Battle (scale) McClellan’s removal Ended Lee’s strategic invasion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjIbFTrqwU87 RECAP the position of both sides at the start of the war EXPLAIN what happened during 1861-1862 EVALUATE to what extent Antietam could be considered a turning point in the war

Why had the American Civil War not ended by 1862? What would need to happen for the Union to win? What would need to happen for the Confederacy to win? Why did this not happen?

Flipped Learning 1865 Apr 1863 BATTLES WHAT TO MENTION Chancellorsville Gettysburg Vicksburg Chattanooga Shenandoah Atlanta Campaign Marching through Georgia Franklin and Nashville Generals involved No. of troops Who won Decisive factors that lead to success Importance/impact (eg. Missed opportunities, etc) TASK: You are going to create a timeline with battles that occurred from 1863-65. Using your battles handout, you will need to make notes on what happens during each of the battles.