Proteins

20 different types amino acids Proteins Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen Monomer is the amino acids amino acid – 20 different types amino acids There’s 20 of us… like 20 different letters in an alphabet! Can make lots of different words —N— H | —C— C—OH || O variable group

Linking amino acids together

Amino acid chains Proteins amino acids chained into a polymer

There are 20 different amino acids grouped by R group properties

Water-fearing amino acids Hydrophobic (Polar or Non-polar?) “water fearing” amino acids try to get away from water in cell the protein folds What color are hydrophobic amino acids?

Water-loving amino acids Hydrophillic “water loving” amino acids try to stay in water in cell the protein folds What color are hydrophilic amino acids?

For proteins: SHAPE matters! Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape that’s what happens in the cell! Different shapes = different jobs growth hormone hemoglobin pepsin collagen

It’s SHAPE that matters! Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape Unfolding a protein destroys its shape wrong shape = can’t do its job unfolding proteins = “denature” temperature pH (acidity) unfolded “denatured” folded

Proteins Function: many, many functions hormones movement signals from one body system to another insulin movement muscle immune system protect against germs enzymes help chemical reactions