The Effect of Custom-Made Braces for the Ankle and Hindfoot on Ankle and Foot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Forces Harold B. Kitaoka, MD, Xavier M.

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The Effect of Custom-Made Braces for the Ankle and Hindfoot on Ankle and Foot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Forces Harold B. Kitaoka, MD, Xavier M. Crevoisier, MD, Kimberly Harbst, PhD, Diana Hansen, BA, Brian Kotajarvi, PT, Kenton Kaufman, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 87, Issue 1, Pages 130-135 (January 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.120 Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Braces were custom-made for each subject and included (from left to right) a rigid AFO, an HFO-R, and an HFO-A. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 130-135DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.120) Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Foot and ankle specific marker set (modification of the Akron marker set). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 130-135DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.120) Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Joint coordinate system used to measure 3-dimensional calcaneal-tibial and metatarsal-calcaneal movement. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 130-135DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.120) Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Nine force parameter peaks (F1–F9) and their chronology (T1–T9) were assessed.28 Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 130-135DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.120) Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Hindfoot motion in the sagittal plane. The HFO-A allowed more normal sagittal motion than the AFO and HFO-R. Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 130-135DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.120) Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Hindfoot motion in the coronal plane: all 3 orthoses reduced the maximal hindfoot inversion and total coronal motion compared with the unbraced shod condition. Values are mean ± SD. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 130-135DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.120) Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions