The Evolution of a Species

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Presentation transcript:

The Evolution of a Species

How does a species evolve? -The evolution of a new species is called speciation. -A species are organisms that look alike and can have children with each other. -Speciation happens when organisms in a population can no longer mate with each other to produce fertile offspring (children). -Fertile means to be able to have children.

How does speciation happen? 1. Geographic isolation-a physical barrier divides a population. The separated members of the population can no longer breed and over time, develop different genes and become different species.

How does speciation happen? Reproductive Isolation-species cannot mate with each other due to differences in DNA, different mating seasons or different # of chromosomes. Polyploidy is when the # of chromosomes doubled.

Geographic or Reproductive Isolation?

Geographic isolation

How much time does it take to develop a new species? -Speciation takes a long time. There are 2 theories of speciation. 1. Gradualism-the idea that species develop slowly over a long period of time. 2. Punctuated Equilibrium-the idea that species don’t change over a long period of time, and then there is rapid change in a species

Gradualism or Punctuated Equilibrium? Camel Evolution Paleocene 65 million years ago Eocene 54 million years ago Oligocene 33 million years ago Miocene 23 million years ago Age Present Organism Skull and teeth Limb bones

Gradualism

Gradualism or Punctuated Equilibrium? Loxodonta africana Elephas maximus 1 2 Millions of Years Ago Mammuthus primigenius Elephas 3 Loxodonta 4 Mammuthus 5 Primelephas 6 Ancestral species about 55 million years ago

Punctuated Equilibrium

Patterns of Evolution Convergent evolution-species evolve to look alike. Ex: Dolphins and sharks. Divergent evolution-one species turns into many species. Ex: one bird to many birds.

Convergent or Divergent Evolution?

Divergent Evolution