Charlemagne and Feudalism

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Presentation transcript:

Charlemagne and Feudalism

I. Background: The Franks geographic location unification under Clovis (500s CE) strengthening under: Charles Martel Pepin the Short (700s CE)

II. Origins of Feudalism Charles Martel vs. Muslim invaders from Spain diffusion of the stirrup as an advantage in warfare make-up of Frankish armies prior to 700 CE: primarily infantry desire of leaders to acquire cavalry problems: expensive horses, armor, & weapons

II. Origins of Feudalism solution: give out land  its produce increases wealth thus serfs are valuable, are tied to land & can’t leave but not slaves; lord protects them in war time other fiefs: weapons/armor/horses if not enough land in exchange for military service & fealty thus, dukes, barons, knights (lowest vassals)

III. Carolus Magnus, aka Conqueror territory added to Francia in S against Muslim Spain in E against Lombards (N Italy) & Avars (E Europe) in N against Saxons advantage? stirrups & centralization under his control

III. Charlemagne B. Administrator divided kingdom into counties; counts ruled for king but had to swear loyalty sent out agents to check up on counts & kingdom: missi dominici (“agents of the lord”) managed his own royal estates judged cases & rewarded followers thus, Charlemagne is feudal king

III. Charlemagne C. Patron of Learning & Arts promoted growth of schools asked famous scholars & authors to live at his court studied & collected laws for kingdom (taught himself to read – most of you can read better than he did!)

III. Charlemagne D. Christian King forced pagans to convert to Christianity promoted growth of monasteries was crowned “Emperor of Romans” by pope in 800  did he know about it in advance? title later became “Holy Roman Emperor” “Christian Empire” in W united by him

IV. Collapse of Empire Charlemagne’s only son, Louis the Pious, was weak; more concerned with religion than with other matters of state Louis split empire up among his sons: - Charles the Bald: W - Lothair: middle - Louis the German: E

IV. Collapse of Empire Charles & Louis fought Lothair for middle territory & split it btwn. them: Charles ruled over “France” Louis ruled over “Germany”  title of Holy Roman Emperor went with this part feudalism spread from Franks all across Europe, despite collapse of their empire persisted in places like Russia until the late 1800s