Created by: Andrew, Chad, Jake, and Trent Prison Labor Created by: Andrew, Chad, Jake, and Trent Jake

General Information Prison Labor has existed since the 1800s and still exists today Not many people know it exists or realize what it really is Many Fortune 500 companies rely heavily on prison labor Can be considered anything from manual labor such as working in a field to inmates answering phone calls for a call center Jake

Timeline 1600’s Slaves are brought by European Colonies to what is now North America 1900’s “Legal” segregation is common at first, then is later repealed People started to see the unethical issue with slavery , 13th Amendment, Black Codes 1800’s 2000’s Prison labor becomes modern slavery Jake

13th Amendment Section 1 Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the united states, or any place subjected to their jurisdiction. Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Section 2 Jake

The History of Slaves Slaves have been around in the US since the 1600s Brought by North American Colonies to Richmond, Virginia It wasn’t until around 1850 when people began to see the unethicalness of slavery Chad

1800’s 1865: 13th Amendment...no slave labor 1865-1866: Black Codes Reconstruction begins Federal Government creates laws to stabilize the South’s Economy, Society, and Government 1865-1866: Black Codes Laws which were designed to restrict freed blacks activity and to ensure they are available to work Did this through mandates...required slaves to sign yearly labor contracts or face the possibility of arrest Those arrested could be lent out to white landowners. Chad

1800’s 1890: Jim Crow Laws 1896: Plessy v Ferguson Enforced Racial Segregation in the South 1896: Plessy v Ferguson Separate but Equal Chad

Slavery in Today’s Time Slavery is not legal anywhere, but happens almost everywhere Researchers estimate 40 million people are enslaved worldwide Labor Slavery - 50% Sex Slavery - 12.5% Forced Marriage Slavery - 37.5% Child Slavery - 25% (of total) Chad

Number and Location of Workers More than 2.2 million people in the United States incarcerated Largest prison population in the world Additionally, 4,751,400 adults in 2013 (1 in 51) were on probation or on parole 2,500 prison/jail INDUSTRIES recorded in 1998 In 1898, 73% of Alabama’s annual state revenue is reported to come from convict leasing 70 operational factories in 33 California prisons UNICOR operates 52 factories across the United States October 2016-March 2017 UNICORE sold $252,414,987 worth of goods/services Mississippi, New York, California, South Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, Colorado, Chad

Daily Operations In Texas... Report to work Sight by 6:00 am 1 Wake up at 3:30 am Breakfast served at 4:30 am 2 3 Report to work Sight by 6:00 am 4 Jobs are mostly agribusiness 5 Inadequate wages TRENT Prisoners typically start their day at 3:30 a.m. Breakfast at 4:30 Required to report to their worksite by 6 a.m. Jobs: Mostly Agribusiness (prison-farms, big businesses) Most revenue brought in from operations go directly to the prison system, and the workers get almost nothing Most prisoners choose to work, because it lessens their prison sentence

UNICOR Federal Prison Industry created in 1934 Owned and operated by the United States Government Net income is around $45,000,000 per year Sells market-priced goods and services made by inmates A correctional program which helps offenders learn the necessary skills to transition from being criminals to law-abiding members of society. Claims, on the UNICOR website, that they are not a business and that they are a correctional program

Relation to Today’s Workplace Seen in Big Businesses: Mcdonald's (purchases plastic, containers, and uniforms) People who make the Mcdonald’s uniforms make even less than those who wear them Walmart (produce is all made from long-labored prison farms) Extremely comparable to slavery Prisoners make next to nothing Treated very poorly Big businesses are OK with using these prisoners for virtually wage-free labor Nothing like the workplace as we know it Trent

Treatment and Pay Treatment: Slaves were considered numbers, not people. Now, Corporations focus on numbers, not people. The workers have minimum pay and are not necessarily treated in the most humane way. Pay: The Prison Policy Initiative found that the average inmate’s wage is 93 cents an hour — and can go as low as 16 cents — when they’re employed by private companies that use prison labor Trent

The Cycle Prison Released Debt Inadequate wages Inability to pay fees Underemployment Released Inability to pay fees Debt Andrew

Punishments Prisoners who refuse to work (again, unpaid or paid very little) are placed in solitary confinement Some work longer days/hours On any given day, about 9,000 nationwide are put in prison or jail for violating the probation or parole requirement to hold a job Personal Punishment: Those convicted are four times more likely to have a family member who commit a crime Andrew

Constraints on Freedom Physical Freedom: Section 1: “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” IN OTHER WORDS: People in prisons have limited constitutional rights while they are in prison. They can be forced to work as punishment for their crimes. These could be considered physical restraints on those incarcerated. Demoralizes them and restricts their freedom Moral Freedom: By forcing prisoners to work, and making the very minimum amount of money, they are stuck in a state where they are unable to make money to pay back their debt and fees. This can be mentally frustrating because they are stuck in the same cycle and unable to get out of it. Morally their rights have been restricted because they do not have the ability to make decisions or choose to make the right choice. Restricts constitutional freedoms Andrew

Works Cited https://www.topmanagementdegrees.com/slave-management/ http://constitution.findlaw.com/amendments.html http://returntonow.net/2016/06/13/prison-labor-is-the-new-american-slavery/ http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443747/prison-labor-laws-wages https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/prison-labor-in-america/406177/