Estradiol 17β Paola Lara May Arnold

C18H24O2 estra-, Gk. oistros, “verve or inspiration” -diol, chemical name for an alcohol with two hydroxyl groups

Estradiol Structure

What does it do? Sexual Development Female reproduction Bone Secondary sex characteristics Female reproduction Growth hormone for reproductive tissues Maintenance of oocytes Menstruation Pregnancy Bone Bone growth Bone structure Brain Mood Protection Men Sperm cells

Where is it made? Primary Secondary (in smaller amounts) In the follicles and granulosa cells of the ovaries from a pathway involving chemical intermediates including androstenedione Secondary (in smaller amounts) Brain Arterial walls Liver

Two cell theory of estrogen production: Luteinizing hormone stimulates the production of androstenedione from cholesterol in the theca cells. This androgen is then transported to the granulosa cells, where it is converted to estrone. Follicle stimulating hormone then promotes the conversion of estrone to 17b‑estradiol in the ovaries. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate. A second messenger. Works with protein kinase A.

Δ5 Enzymes P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme P450c17 17α-hydroxylase 17, 20 lyase 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase P450 aromatase 17β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase Δ5

Δ4 Enzymes P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase P450c17 17α-hydroxylase 17, 20 lyase P450 aromatase 17β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase

Δ5 Δ4

Symptoms of High Estradiol Bloating Mood swings Fatigue Swelling and tenderness in the breasts Fibrocystic developments in the breast Difficulty with memory Trouble sleeping Decreased sex drive Weight gain Increased symptoms of premenstrual syndrome or PMS Irregular menstrual periods Hair loss Headaches Cold hands or feet

Estradiol Ranges in Women Before menopause, estradiol levels are widely variable throughout the menstrual cycle: Mid-follicular phase: 27-123 pg/mL Peri-ovulatory: 96-436 pg/mL Mid-luteal phase: 49-294 pg/mL Postmenopausal: 0-40 pg/mL Lower Levels can mean: Menopause Turner Syndrome Ovarian Failure Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Hypopituitarism Hypogonadism Estradiol Ranges in Women

High Estradiol In Men “Manopause” The normal range of estradiol in men is approximately 10-40 pg/mL Increased levels can lead to Infertility Gynecomastia Erectile dysfunction High Estradiol In Men “Manopause”

Key Terminology ERα and ERβ Heat Shock Protein Transcription factors Activators Corepressors RNA Polymerase Estrogen response element Target gene

Nuclear Receptor