Responses to Industrial Revolution and Democratic Revolution Chapter 21-22 Review Responses to Industrial Revolution and Democratic Revolution

Conservatism (1815-1830) Klemens Metternich and the Congress of Vienna Quadruple Alliance (GB, Austria, Russia, Prussia) Conservatism Edmund Burke (evolutionary) “responsibility to ancestry and posterity” Balance of Power Principle of Legitimacy Concert of Europe and the Quintuple Alliance

Reactionaries & Revolutionists Principle of Intervention Simon Bolivar the Liberator and Jose de San Martin Result of Napoleon’s rule in Europe Monroe Doctrine and British ships Louis 18 in 1814 supported some of Napoleons ideas but angered Revolutionaries and Ultra Royalists England: Tories and Whigs controlled Parliament Corn Law made grain prices rise and revolution led to further restrictions

Reactionaries & Revolutionaries Burschenchaften in Germany Nicholas I and most Russians became reactionaries after the Northern Union and Alexander I

Ideologies and Change Liberalism (Changes to traditional methods) Malthus and Ricardo Capitalism Political=Enlightenment stuff John Stuart Mill advocate of women and other people Nationalism (extreme patriotism) Socialism (Human cooperation greater than competition) Utopian Socialists Charles Fourier and phalanstery Robert Owen success and failure Flora Tristen

Revolution/Reform (1830-50) French Revolution round 3 Charles X then Louis Philippe Tories(conservative) and Whigs (liberals kind of) The Reform Act (liberalish) Poor Law (liberalish) No Corn Law Revs of 1848 France kicks out LP and goes socialists with Blanc (FAIL) Germany FredWill4 says lets make a country Grossdeutsch vs Kleindeutsch in the end No'deutsch (FAIL) Austria Metternich out Russia helps Austrian drive out Hungarians (FAILish) America goes DEMOCRATIC with Andrew Jackson (WINish)

Police With the rise in Urban living came a wave of violence and poverty Local law enforcement created in France with Debelleyme and the Serjents British Bobbies German Schultzmannschaft Prison is it a good thing or not? Cost for security

Romanticism Romanticism is a focus on feelings and intuition not just reason Individualism Gothic literature and the Grimm brothers, Ivanhoe, Edgar Allen Poe, Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein Pantheism and Awakening Art and Music Delacroix, Beethoven, Berlioz

Napoleon III A new empire in France with government spending Supported domestic work (wide roads, sewage, suffrage, legalized trade unions etc) Disaster in Mexico (max gets killed) (going to lose Franco Prussian but that comes later) Crimean War Russia vs Ottomans over Christian shrines Austria is neutral and Britain and France side with Ottomans No Concert of Europe and Florence Nightingale (nurse)

Unification of Italy (previously) Giuseppe Mazzini led a Risorgimento (resurgence) movement with Carbonari (FAIL) Camilo Cavour of Piedmont makes deal with France to drive out Austrians (FAIL) Giuseppe Garibaldi and Red Shirts come from the south and almost succeed until stopped by Cavour (FAILish) Cavour defeats Garibaldi and unifies ITALY (WIN)

Unification of Germany (previously Buschenschaften led to increased nationalism) Zollverein (customs union) claimed that Germanic people shouldn’t tax each other but treat each other like a country King FredWill4 replaced by Will1 but the big shot is Bismarck Realpolitik leads to Danish War and Austrian War (WIN WIN) Franco Prussian War Bismarck tricks France (WIN) Dispute between Hohenzollern dynasty Bismarck the honey badger don’t care!

Nation Building Austria and the Ausgleich In Russia Alex II abolishes serfdom but Mir collect payments, Zemstvos lead to liberal reforms Alex killed by People’s Will (inspired by Populist Alex Herzen) GB the Victorian Age Queen Victoria lasts a freaking long time encouraged manners Disraeli and Reform Act helps people gain suffrage (a torrie) Gladsone (a liberal made many liberal reforms)

Marxism (1850-70) Government determining how to help Industrialization Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels and the Communist Manifesto Marxism encouraged a movement of the proletariat against the wealthy Claims history is determined by class struggle Das Kapital furthered these ideas and created the foundation of Communism (violent overthrow of the wealthy)

Science and Realism Louis Pasteur pasteurization Michael Faraday early work on electricity Joseph Lister and antiseptic Auguste Comte furthered sociology Materialism understanding through material evidence Charles Darwin and evolution (natural selection and organic evolution and struggle for existence) Realism: Real life characters (Gustave Flaubert and Madame Bovary and Charles Dickens and Oliver Twist) Art and Music realistic