Reproduction

ANCESTORS AND DESCENDANTS Ancestors: parents, grandparents, great-grandparents Descendants: children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren

FAMILY TREE

REPRODUCTION People have sexual reproduction – a male and a female have to come together to reproduce Humans are viviparous – babies develop in their mother’s uterus (or a womb) until they are born

reproductive system The reproductive system is the group of organs responsible for reproduction The reproductive system is fully developed during adolescence

MALE Prostate gland Penis Testes INTERNAL ORGAN EXTERNAL ORGAN

female Uterus Ovaries Vagina Vulva INTERNAL ORGAN INTERNAL ORGAN EXTERNAL ORGAN

PUBERTY AND ADOLESCENCE Physical changes for women... Breasts A higher voice More body hair Wider hips

Physical changes for men... A lower voice More body hair Develop an Adam’s apple

Pregnancy: All the changes that a woman experiences to develop a baby inside her body. Humans are viviparous: babies grow inside the mothers uterus

Stages of pregnancy: pregnancy lasts about 9 months. A few weeks: At the begining the baby is only a few millimetres long. Three months: The baby is about 10 cm long. Head, legs, arms, fingers and heart are fully formed Six months: Baby is about 30 cm long and moves a lot. Nine months: Baby is about 50 cm long and is ready to be born

Health during pregnancy: Obstetrician: doctors who specialize in pregnancy. They: - Take care of pregnant women - control development of baby Ultrasound: special technique used to tae images of the baby while still inside the mother. It helps us: - measure the baby - observe it’s movements - find out if it is a boy or girl

Doctors advise pregnant women to: Healthy habits: pregnant women must take care of their health and have regular check-ups. Doctors advise pregnant women to: - have a varied diet ( fruist and vegetables) - drink lots of water - walk - do light exercises and swim - special exercises that prepare women for childbirth. - getting enough sleep and resting with their feet up.

Birth: process through which a baby is born ( at about 9 months) - baby leaves the mothers uterus through the vagina - the muscles of the uterus contract and push the baby out. - after birth the doctor cuts the umbilical cord and a new life begins, the scar that remains becomes the navel.

Newborn baby care: Food: Babies drink their mothers milk or formula. Communication: they cry, smile and use gestures Hygiene: babies have soft skin and hair so they need special soaps, shampoos and moisturizing cream. Body: their head and navel need to be protected and taken care of.