Homo Rudolfensis ● 1.9 million years ago ● Brain size 526 cc

Homo Rudolfensis

Homo Ergaster ● 1.8 million years ago ● Brain size 900 cc ● Large increase in brain size after Habilis ● Large Prefrontal Cortex

Homo Ergaster - “Turkana Boy”

Homo Ergaster

Homo Gautengensis ● 1.8 million years ago ● Extinct 1 million years ago ● Short stature: 3' 6”

Homo Erectus Georgicus ● 1.7 million years ago ● Brain size 600 cc ● Lived in Europe ● Similar to Homo Erectus and Homo Ergaster

Homo Erectus ● 1 million years ago ● Extinct 300,000 years ago ● Brain size 1050 cc

Homo Erectus ●Took care of their elderly

Homo Erectus

Homo Erectus

Homo Antecessor ● 800,000 years ago ● Brain size 1,350 cc ● Lived in Europe

Homo Antecessor

Homo Heidelbergensis ● 400,000 years ago ● Brain size 1350 cc ● Lived in Europe ● Used stone tipped spears

Homo Heidelbergensis

Homo Rhodesiensis ● 125,000 years ago ● Brain size 1100 cc ● Similar skull to Heidelbergensis

Homo Sapiens (Archaic) ● 100,000 years ago ● Brain size 1,520 cc ● Strong Brow Ridges ● Slight prognathism

Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) ● Extinct 32,000 years ago ● Brain size 1350 cc ● Neanderthal DNA recovered ● Interbred with ancestors to Europeans and Asians

Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) ●Took care of their elderly

Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals)

● Built homes from animal bones ● Used advanced tools (but not as advanced as Homo Sapiens) ● Buried their dead

Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits” ● Extinct 13,000 years ago ● Brain size 350 cc ● Very small brain ● 3 feet 6 inches tall ● Lived on small islands with dwarf elephants and dog-sized rats

Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”

Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”

Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”

Cro-magnon (cave man) ● 43,000 years ago ● Early European Homo Sapien ● Mitochondrial DNA recovered

? Denisovans ● 41,000 years ago ● We don't know what they looked like ● DNA was recovered from one finger bone ● Interbred with ancient Asians

A Hominid Forgery: Piltdown man ● Using radiometric dating scientists exposed it as a 500 year old skull with an orangutan's jaw ● Shoe polish had been added to make it look old

Homo Sapiens (modern) ● Brain size 1350 cc ● Small Brow Ridge on males ● Little or no prognathism (jaw jutting forward) ● Advanced tools ● Use of jewelry

Modern Skulls Native Australian African European