Stepping in Persons Poststroke: Comparison of Voluntary and Perturbation-Induced Responses Katherine M. Martinez, PT, MA, Marie-Laure Mille, PhD, Yunhui.

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Stepping in Persons Poststroke: Comparison of Voluntary and Perturbation-Induced Responses Katherine M. Martinez, PT, MA, Marie-Laure Mille, PhD, Yunhui Zhang, MS, Mark W. Rogers, PT, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 94, Issue 12, Pages 2425-2432 (December 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.06.030 Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Example of trials. Representative examples of time histories from 1 subject during perturbation-induced stepping with the paretic leg (left) and voluntary stepping with the nonparetic leg (right). The top records show the mediolateral displacement of the COP from which the duration (D-black) and the amplitude (A-black) of the mediolateral APA thrust component and the duration (D-gray) of the unloading component were determined. The center records show the vertical ground reaction forces under the first stepping leg (black solid line) and the stance leg (gray dashed line). The bottom records show the vertical displacement of the malleolus marker of the stepping side from which the characteristics of the step were determined. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 2425-2432DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.06.030) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Step characteristics. Group mean values (±SD) for voluntary (black open squares) and induced stepping (gray circles) conditions for (A) step duration, (B) step clearance, and (C) step global length. #Significant difference between conditions of stepping (voluntary vs induced) at P<.05. §Significant difference between legs. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 2425-2432DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.06.030) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Step onset. Group mean values (±SD) for voluntary (black open squares) and induced stepping (gray circles) conditions for step onset time relative to the perturbation onset or light cue onset. *A difference between condition and leg at P<.05 (Tukey honestly significant difference). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 2425-2432DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.06.030) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Nonparetic leg postural phase duration. The mean values (±SD) for thrust phase (gray) and unloading phase (white) are presented for the nonparetic leg during rapid voluntary stepping and induced straight forward stepping conditions. #Significant difference for the unloading phase between stepping conditions at P<.05. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 2425-2432DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.06.030) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions