Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009 AP Psychology March 8th Objective Opener: Answer true/false for each statement Understand the medical and psychological views of psychological disorders. 1. Abnormal behaviors are always bizarre. 2. A clear distinction can be drawn between “normal” and “abnormal” behaviors. 3. As a group, former mental patients are unpredictable and dangerous. 4. Mental disorders indicate a fundamental deficiency in personality, and are thus shameful. 5. Because mental illness is so common, there is reason to be fearful of one's own vulnerability. 6. Geniuses are particularly prone to emotional disorders. 7. Most mental disorders are incurable. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009 Opener Answers 1. Abnormal behaviors are always bizarre. This view may be perpetuated by the media because often the extremes of behavior are more likely to be reported. 2. A clear distinction can be drawn between “normal” and “abnormal” behaviors. Abnormality is a matter of degree; all people do not neatly fall into one of two categories. Abnormality consists of a poor fit between behavior and the situations in which it is enacted (e.g., talking to oneself when alone as opposed to talking to oneself in the grocery store). 3. As a group, former mental patients are unpredictable and dangerous. The typical former mental patient is no more volatile or dangerous than people in general. Again, exceptions to this rule generate the most media attention. 4. Mental disorders indicate a fundamental deficiency in personality, and are thus shameful. As far as we know, everyone shares the potential for becoming disordered and behaving abnormally. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009 5. Because mental illness is so common, there is reason to be fearful of one's own vulnerability. Mental disorders should be understood as maladaptive responses that are understandable within a given context. The average person has an excellent chance of never becoming disordered and of recovering completely if it should happen. 6. Geniuses are particularly prone to emotional disorders. Terman's study of high IQ children showed that high‑IQ people actually may be more well-adjusted than the population in general. 7. Most mental disorders are incurable. Between 70 and 80 percent of those hospitalized as mental patients eventually recover. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Psychological Disorders Chapter 12 Psychological Disorders This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

What Is Psychological Disorder? Three classic signs suggest severe psychological disorder: Hallucinations Delusions Affective disturbances Part of a continuum ranging from absence of disorder to severe disorder Disorders are an exaggeration of normal responses Key Question 12.1: What is psychological disorder? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

What Is Psychological Disorder? The medical model views psychological disorders as diseases, whereas the psychological view sees them as an interaction of biological, behavioral, cognitive, and social-cultural factors. Key Question 12.1: What is psychological disorder? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Changing Concepts of Psychological Disorder: The Psychological Model Behavioral Perspective Abnormal behaviors can be acquired through behavioral learning; environmental conditions Cognitive Perspective Abnormal behaviors are influenced by mental processes: thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and memory Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Changing Concepts of Psychological Disorder: The Psychological Model Social-Learning Theory Combines these two perspectives Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

The Biopsychology of Mental Disorder Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Defining Mental Illness 5-10min list and then share synonyms for mental illness, explaining the origin of any unusual terms half of you construct a definition of abnormality or mental illness the remainder of you define normal or mentally healthy behavior. Share your definitions Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Indicators of Abnormality Distress Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictability Unconventionality and undesirable behavior Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Indicators of Abnormality Distress Does the individual show unusual or prolonged levels of unease or anxiety? Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictability Unconventionality and undesirable behavior Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Indicators of Abnormality Distress Does the person regularly act in ways that make others fearful or that interfere with his or her well-being? Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictability Unconventionality and undesirable behavior Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Indicators of Abnormality Distress Does the person act or talk in ways that are irrational or incomprehensible to others? Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictability Unconventionality and undesirable behavior Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Indicators of Abnormality Does the individual behave erratically and inconsistently at different times or from one situation to another? Is the individual experiencing a loss of control? Distress Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictability Unconventionality and undesirable behavior Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Indicators of Abnormality Distress Does the person behave in ways that are statistically rare and violate social norms? Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictability Unconventionality and undesirable behavior Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009 Reflection Relate the group definitions to the indicators of Abnormality Discuss the difficulties your group had in generating appropriate definitions for abnormality or normality without using synonyms. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009 Jon Ronson Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

What are the Consequences of Labeling People? Ideally, accurate diagnoses lead to proper treatments—but diagnoses may also become labels that depersonalize individuals and ignore the social and cultural contexts in which their problems arise. Key Question 12.3: What are the consequences of labeling people? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Diagnostic Labels, Labeling, Labeling a person as mentally disturbed can have both serious and long-lasting consequences the label can linger on as a stigma long after the condition is treated. A mistaken physical diagnosis can be retracted, but a mistaken mental diagnosis is almost never retracted. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Diagnostic Labels, Labeling, Labeling deprives people of their identity and individuality, and depersonalizes them, and can result from both labeling and stays in mental hospitals. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Diagnostic Labels, Labeling, An extreme reaction against labeling has come from radical psychiatrist Thomas Szasz, who declared that mental illness is a “myth.” Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Diagnostic Labels, Labeling, It is important to keep in mind that the goal of diagnosis is to initiate a process that leads to greater understanding and to the development of a plan to help. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Fighting the Stigma of Mental Illness Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Demi Lovato’s Be Vocal Campaign https://www.philosophy.com/hope-and-grace/hope-and-grace,en_US,pg.html Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Diagnostic Labels Depersonalization Results from labeling Depriving people of their identity and individuality by treating them as objects rather than as individuals Reinforces disturbed behavior Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Mental Health Questionnaire Follow directions. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

The Cultural Context of Psychological Disorder ecological model: a perspective that emphasizes social and cultural context, and the view that mental disorder results from a mismatch between a person’s social behavior and the needs of the situation. Studies show beyond doubt that culture influences both the prevalence of psychological disorders and the symptoms that disturbed people display. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009 Evaluating Rosenhan Get Books Read pg 548-549 and answer the following questions What are the main arguments? Summarize each. What was concluded? Do you agree or disagree? Why? What is the new controversy? What do you think we can do about this new issue? Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2009