Relationship between plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon levels Insulin secretion (times normal) euglycemic euglycemic X

Blood glucose level (9mg/100ml) Glucose tolerance curves in a control subject and in a subject with diabetes Fasting subject ingests 1 gm of glucose/kg body weight

Glucose tolerance curves in a control subject Blood glucose level (9mg/100ml) Glucose tolerance curves in a control subject and in a subject with diabetes Fasting subject ingests 1 gm of glucose/kg body weight

Between meals Between meals Insulin Insulin Glucagon Glucagon Liver Fat Muscle Liver Fat Muscle Glucose 10g/h Glucose 10g/h Liver (glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis) Blood Glucose 4.5 mM Blood Glucose 4.5 mM 4g/h 4g/h 6g/h 6g/h Brain Brain Physical work Insulin Glucagon/adrenalin Liver Fat Muscle Glucose 46g/h Liver (glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis) Blood Glucose 4.5 mM 40g/h 6g/h Brain 20 40 60 80 100 120 30 90 150 180 210 240 time of exercise (min) glucose (mg/100ml) glucose placebo Effect of exercise on blood glucose

Distribution of glucose after a meal Liver glycogen Fat TAG Muscle Glucose in meal 90 g Brain kidneys (immediate use) 17 g 2g 25 g 15 g 8 g (lactate) 23 g Distribution of glucose after a meal Liver glycogenolysis glycolysis FA synthesis Blood Glucose 7.5 mM Fat Muscle Brain 0g/h 44g/h 6g/h Glucagon Insulin After a meal Carbohydrates from food 50g/h