MODERN ISSUES and MODERN HELPERS Unit 3 – Africa Lesson 6 – Modern Africa

What are some of the major issues facing African nations? Read the article on child soldiers (Upfront mag) http://www.onlinedigitalpubs.com/publication/?i=47599 http://www.onlinedigitalpubs.com/display_article.php?id=503129 Why are children used in battle? Why do you think it happens so often in Africa, as opposed to… say… Japan, or here? Why can’t anyone help? PPT on “helpers”

Four Specific Crisis Issues: Crisis: Extreme Poverty Crisis: Somalia – poverty & starvation Crisis: Piracy (Somalia) Crisis: Sudan

Crisis: Extreme Poverty As we continue through these slides, answer these questions as we go: What is extreme poverty, as presented by Dr. Jeffrey Sachs and Angelina Jolie? What are some solutions?

Angelina Jolie helps Africans

As you watch the 7 min documentary: Note: Problems in the hospital Solutions to the problem of extreme poverty AFTER THE VIDEO, YOU’LL HAVE QUESTIONS TO ANSWER click

What was the problem, as presented by Dr What was the problem, as presented by Dr. Jeffrey Sachs and Angelina Jolie?

What is your impression of celebrities being United Nations Ambassadors? click

What is your impression of what a “good will Ambassador” to the United Nations does? click

Crisis: Extreme Poverty What was the problem, as presented by Dr. Jeffrey Sachs and Angelina Jolie? What are some solutions?

Crisis: Somalia, 1993 As we continue through these slides, answer these questions as we go: Why is Somalia having so many problems? Who tried to help? Why did that helper pull out their help?

Crisis: Somalia, 1993 What happens to a country without a government? One of the poorest nations in Africa, with the most problems… Lost all sense of a government to deal with them… What happens to a country without a government?

Where is Somalia?

Capital: Mogadishu

1990 – Government collapsed

Who do you think will take over? Imagine a classroom with no teacher, a home with no parent… Chaos, greed, lawlessness, and… Slow, sad death…

Civil War exploded – led by “War Lords”

The Economy collapsed;

What do you think these “War Lords” wanted?

The nation of Somalia became obsessed with fighting

With most men either fighting, or running from the fighting, what happens to families and future?

Farm fields were left to rot; … and the people starved

The children suffered most…

Many died of malnutrition.

Kids joined War Lords for power and fame

Why was Somalia having so many problems in 1993?

Generous Americans Americans had raised millions of $$ in 1985 For Ethiopian starvation One of the earliest groups to fund raise was the Council Rock SEB in 1984. They raised thousands of $$ for rice and grain. Led to LIVE AID 1985 One of the most generous completely giving events ever Americans started raising $$ again.

Problem… War Lords in Somalia confiscated grain Sold for a profit Food never got to the most needy

Americans were aghast. They wanted to help. The outgoing President, George Bush (Sr.) wanted to help. The United States looked for someone to condemn. What would you suggest?

Should America have helped? Why not?... Or How should we help?

1993, The President ordered US troops to find and neutralize the leading War Lords 25,000 Americans were a part of a multi-national force, instructed to protect the innocent, and find and eliminate the War Lords preventing progress.

We were hailed as heroes. By everyone BUT the War Lords The War Lords panicked. They lied to their followers. They told them the Americans were there to attack, to kill their mothers and wives…

During one mission, two American Blackhawk Helos were shot down.

Americans fought bravely, trying to rescue the fallen, but 18 lost their lives, 80 injured.

Several were stripped naked and drug through the dusty streets

How should we respond? (Somalians had shot Americans down, drug their bodies through the streets, and filmed it all.)

Shortly after, the Americans pulled out, not willing for more Americans to die in this cause.

Questions to ponder… Was it appropriate for us to help? Why? Was it appropriate for us to pull out like we did, when we did? Why? What will likely become our new policy in Africa when Africans need our help? BTW, the Rwanda genocide started just six months later…

Crisis: Somalia, 1993 Why is Somalia having so many problems? Who tried to help? Why did that helper pull out their help?

Crisis: Somalia, Piracy As we continue through these slides, answer these questions as we go: Why did Piracy break out in Somalia? What caused it to end?

Somalia today: lawless and dangerous… Modern Issue: SOMALI PIRATES

WHO? Groups of bandits / thugs from Somalia Not your typical pirates… No eye patches and peg legs Use small speedboats to chase ships Carry grenade launchers to scare victims Not uncultured; many come from well off backgrounds Consider themselves “protectors / defenders” of their country and seas from foreign invaders… very nationalistic

WHERE?

WHY? They seem themselves as very nationalistic!! Govt. collapsed in 1991 no one to protect country / seas w/o protection, many foreign nations (Europe, Middle East, USA) began to abuse Somalian seas Dumped large amounts of chemicals into waters and practiced “illegal” fishing Around yr. 2000, many Somalians were fed up and decided to fight back…

Why did Piracy break out in seas outside of Somalia?

Consequences 2008: 40 ships successfully captured; ransoms paid ranging from $500,000 to $2 million 2010: 49 ships hijacked off coast of Somalia (out of total 53 worldwide) Economic– pirates getting richer, everyone else getting poorer…; $10 billion lost in world econ. from trade disruption Food shortage– w/o fishing, millions are deprived of fish & seafood Captive brutality– torturing, abusing, robbing, killing (about 1/3 of captives)

Efforts to Tame Piracy 1) USA - Combined Task Force 151 (CFT – 151) United Nations– after 2008, UN knew something needed to be done to stop piracy; and companies started to arm their crews with real weapons 1) USA - Combined Task Force 151 (CFT – 151) 2) militaries from EU, Russia, China and India 25 in total 3) By September 2012, the heyday of piracy in the Indian Ocean was reportedly over 4) By December 2013, only 9 vessels had been attacked with zero successful hijackings -piracy is no longer seen as a good investment

Crisis: Somalia, Piracy Why did Piracy break out in Somalia? What caused it to end?

Crisis: Sudan As we continue through these slides, answer this question as we go: What was the “split” in Sudan?

Crisis in Sudan (and the Darfur)

Sudan was a large nation

Angelina Jolie discusses Darfur click In July 2008, the International Criminal Court (ICC), accused al-Bashir, military dictator of Sudan of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in Darfur.

With three distinct sections Click 10 min summary

George Clooney has donated his time to help the people of Darfur

And has even led to his arrest…

Describe what you think the US should do, and why… and how…

The Result:

What was the “split” in Sudan? Crisis: Sudan What was the “split” in Sudan?

THE WALL in Morocco use this lesson during LATIN AMERICA On FB, about Spain in Morocco – the wall https://www.facebook.com/Vox/videos/802559596598311/ Describe “the wall”