Read the following quote, and write a one paragraph reflection

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Read the following quote, and write a one paragraph reflection Read the following quote, and write a one paragraph reflection. What do you think the quote means? How might it apply to the present day? Reflection should be 3-4 COMPLETE sentences. You have 4 minutes after the bell to complete the assignment. “O, I wish I was in the land of cotton Old times there are not forgotten Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land.”

Unit 4 Part 4: The South

Roman slaves, 2nd century A.D. Escaped slavery in Mauritania, 2010 Slavery is older than history and there are still between 12 & 27 million slaves in the world. So is it really bad? Why? Roman slaves, 2nd century A.D. Escaped slavery in Mauritania, 2010

The Cotton Gin Eli Whitney’s invention made it possible to process large amounts of cotton in the South. All you needed was the labor force to grow it.

Whitney later invented interchangeable parts helped Northern industry.

“Cotton is King” By 1840 cotton was the leading export of U.S. “No power on earth dares to make war upon it. Cotton is King.”

Ye Southern Planter 1838, artist unknown Despite the popular image that antebellum planters lived lives of idle luxury in great mansions, most actually lived in modest homes and worked alongside their employees and slaves, as this 1838 painting by an anonymous artist shows. (Dr. Richard Saloom) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

As cotton production shifts to AL & MS, slaves follow Families are split, usually permanently

Gag Rule -- 1836 House of Rep. would automatically shelve any petitions against slavery. J.Q. Adams, now a congressman, fought the rule tirelessly for eight years before he obtained its repeal.

Slave Life Once the Atlantic slave trade ended, the price of slaves rose Most were treated as well as a good farm animal, but if a slave was killed (or raped) there were rarely any legal consequences Most common punishment was the whip; striking a master meant death Male slaves might become skilled workers or household servants; most females stayed in the fields. Slaves found relief in church (esp stories of Jesus and Moses) and spirituals “Slaves sing most when they are most unhappy” – Frederick Douglass

Task System vs. Gang Labor Slaves given a specific task & could work on their own when they finished Slaves divided into specialized gangs & worked from sunrise to sunset

Nurse and charge Slavery did not prevent white children and their slave nurses from forming attachments to each other. (Valentine Museum, Cook Collection) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Slave Revolts Most slave resistance is passive (sabotage, malingering, etc) but there are limits Failing plantation means no food slaves are sold Most famous slave revolt is led by Nat Turner, a preacher. Slaves rose up and killed at least 55 white men, women and children Militia responded by killing at least 200 slaves indiscriminately. South responds with tighter restrictions -- No more learning to read -- Also tried to restrict or eliminate free black population

A barber shop, Richmond, 1861 Free blacks dominated the barber's trade in Richmond on the eve of the Civil War. As meeting places for men, barber shops supplied newspapers and political discussion. Black barbers were politically informed and prosperous. As was the custom at the time, barbers also performed medical procedures like drawing blood. (Valentine Museum, Cook Collection) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Amistad Case (1839) 53 slaves (led by Joseph Cinque) took over the slave ship Amistad U.S. seized the ship & slaves were tried for murder Abolitionists took up their cause & J.Q. Adams defended them. He convinced Supreme Court to order their release back to Africa.

Walker & “Filibustering” William Walker hired mercenaries & tried to take over parts of Mexico & Central America. Ruled Nicaragua for a year Eventually arrested in Honduras & executed Northerners saw a plot to spread slavery

The South is becoming more isolated… Other western nations abolishing slavery Abolitionism growing in the North The North and West are becoming more connected Instead of changing the South holds on to “the peculiar institution” more tenaciously