South Africa

South Africa… South Africa achieved independence from Britain in 1910. Racial breakdown- White - 16% Black - 70% Other - 14% mixed

South Africa… In 1948 the Nationalist party came to power in South Africa. Mostly descended from Dutch settlers who favored segregation.

Apartheid The Nationalist party established a strict legal system of apartheid, or the rigid separation of races.

Apartheid All South Africans were categorized according to their race. Races were kept separate Nonwhites could not vote. Nonwhites could not live in white areas.

Passbook

Apartheid… Supporters believed it would allow each group to develop its own culture 80% of land remained in white hands. VS.

Apartheid Enforced a system of inequality. Bathrooms Beaches Restaurants Schools

Apartheid at a sporting event…

Struggle Against Apartheid Many black leaders demonstrated against Apartheid. Nelson Mandela Archbishop Desmond Tutu Steve Biko Both encouraged Nonviolent resistance to voice their views.

Peaceful demonstrations

“Sharpeville Massacre” During a peaceful demonstration police opened fire killing more than 60 people.

Nelson Mandela Gov. banned groups that opposed apartheid Black leaders like Nelson Mandela went into hiding. In 1964 he was captured and placed in prison for life.

Bantu Authorities Act Set up as reservations for blacks in S.A. – called “Bantustans” These were “independent” black nations within S.A. Blacks were stripped of their S.A. citizenship and voting rights

Bantu Authorities Act Amounted to 13% of the land of S.A. Whites set up corrupt tribal leaders enforce the system on blacks Law of 1970 made all blacks in S.A. citizens of the “homelands.” Forced 3.5 million blacks into these “homelands” from the 1950s-1980s Idea was to remove all blacks from S.A.

Struggle Against Apartheid South African police used violence to suppress protests.

Soweto 1970

Outside Pressure The rest of the world demanded South Africa to change its ways. OAU - urged members to boycott UN placed arms embargo Olympic Committee banned S.A. from competition. Many nations (U.S.) imposed economic sanctions on S.A.

Steps toward change…Ending Apartheid By mid 1980s changes were taking place Gov. repealed pass laws In 1989 F.W. de Klerk lifted ban on groups who opposed Apartheid Mandela was freed in 1991.

A new South Africa New constitution was written in early 1990s to guarantee rights for all Mandela becomes new president

South Africa’s future Mandela retired in 1999. Thabo Mbeki became new President Still many issues in country Corruption in gov. Economic issues AIDS is rampant in S.A.

South Africa’s future Jacob Zuma won presidential election April 2009 (landslide ANC victory) Been charged of corruption, but acquitted Had been accused of rape, but acquitted