Read the following quote, and write a one paragraph reflection Read the following quote, and write a one paragraph reflection. What do you think the quote means? How might it apply to the present day? Reflection should be 3-4 COMPLETE sentences. You have 5 minutes after the bell to complete the assignment. “The most radical revolutionary will become a conservative the day after the revolution.” Hannah Arendt (1906 - 1975)

Unit 3A Part 1 Notes: Jefferson’s Administration

Why do we accept the result of presidential elections?

Election of 1800 Very nasty campaign; Federalists say Jefferson will bring revolution, D-R say Adams wants to make himself king. Jefferson ties with his own VP candidate Aaron Burr Congress has to decide; Hamilton tells Federalists to pick Jefferson How will Federalists respond to losing power? OR

Election of 1800 was the first peaceful transfer of power between opposing parties Jefferson inaugurated in new capital.

Bad blood…. Burr later kills Hamilton in a duel. Hamilton had called Burr a “dangerous man…not to be trusted” Turns out he was right Burr later accused of treason (tried to engineer the secession of Western states)

Midnight Appointments Just before Jefferson’s inauguration, Federalists enlarge the courts so they can appoint Federalist judges Kept control of judicial branch Most important was new Chief Justice John Marshall

Early Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall expanded the power of the federal government Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of judicial review – the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional.

Jefferson failed to remove Federalist judge Samuel Chase Discouraged use of impeachment against judiciary

Conflict in North Africa Barbary States in North Africa had been capturing U.S. ships Washington and Adams paid for protection (since British no longer protected us), but the pirates raised the price on Jefferson Jefferson hated an expensive navy, but he hated pirates more

Barbary Wars – Navy and Marines fight back Barbary Wars – Navy and Marines fight back. They blockade Tripoli & eventually pirates give up.

Jefferson wants farm economy Where will he look for more land?

France is in turmoil Continued conflict in Europe Napoleon agrees to sell Louisiana for $15 million Role of Adams (avoided war w/France) & Hamilton (we borrow $15 mil from British)

Constitution doesn’t authorize the President to buy land; Jefferson reverses strict construction position.

Louisiana Purchase Doubles the size of the U.S. Gives full access to Mississippi for American farmers in west We own New Orleans.

Lewis & Clark Sent to explore new territory (helped by Sacajawea) Secured claim to Oregon & focused nation on westward expansion.

French and British continue to fight in Europe U.S. getting rich off of trade with French colonies in Caribbean

The Empire Strikes Back British keep impressing U.S. sailors What about our Navy? Jefferson disliked professional military He had put most of the navy in storage & replaced it with small gunboats. This works as long as others respect our neutrality, but British/French see Jefferson as weak. French start to seize our merchant ships also. Still LOTS of money to be made, so American merchants risk it.

Then the British attack a U.S. warship U.S.S. Chesapeake attacked by a British frigate British seize four sailors – one British, three American. Americans are furious, but Jefferson wants peace. How does he avoid conflict?

Embargo Act of 1807 Ends trade with ALL foreign nations. British & French ignore it (they only respect military force) but it devastates the American economy Jefferson had to use military to enforce embargo (just like Whiskey tax) New Englander -- “Like cutting one’s throat to cure a nosebleed” Next president (Madison) removes embargo.

France and Great Britain keep on fighting…