Learning Intention: 8.ESS2.3 Science 8th Grade Notes: Standard 18 Learning Intention: 8.ESS2.3 Describe the relationship between the processes and forces that create igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Terms/Phrases to Investigate processes, forces, rock, igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary Science and Engineering Practice(s) Construct Explanations, Argue from Evidence Crosscutting Concepts Patterns, Cause and Effect, Stability and Change I Can Statement ...I can describe the processes and forces that form igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

What are Rocks? What are rocks made of? Rocks are solid aggregates comprised of one or more minerals. What is aggregate in rocks? Aggregate: combinations of particles of minerals. What are minerals in rocks? Naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline internal structure.

Igneous Rock Process Forces A.K.A. Magmatic rock ...is formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten rock . Examples: Granite, Basalt, Obsidian, etc. Link (1:27): Igneous Rock Intro Process Step One: solid rock is heated until it liquifies It undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid. Step Two: This molten rock cools until it solidifies It undergoes a phase change from liquid to solid. Forces Heat: Earth’s interior is very hot ...as hot as the surface of the Sun (10, 800 degrees Fahrenheit) Pressure: Gravity causes tremendous pressure under ground ...the deeper you go, the greater the pressure

Sedimentary Rock Process Forces Rock formed by lithification (compaction and cementation) of sediment. Three Types: (1) Clastic, (2) Chemical, & (3) Organic Link (3:35): Sedimentary Rock Intro Process Step 1: Weathering (breaking rocks into small pieces) Step 2: Erosion (movement/transportation of these pieces of rock) Step 3: Deposition (accumulation of these pieces) Step 4: Compaction (pressure squeezes the pieces together) Step 5: Cementation (pieces are “glued” together) Forces Gravity: moves rock, makes water fall (rain) and flow downward Thermal Expansion: rock expands/contracts with temp changes Freeze/thaw cycle: ice in pores/cracks expands breaking the rock Glacial Transportation: ice sheets scour, grind, and move rock Chemical Reactions: chemical interactions of the sediment’s atoms

...is rock that has been changed by heat and pressure. Metamorphic Rock ...is rock that has been changed by heat and pressure. Link (1:38): Metamorphic Rock Process Step 1: rock is exposed to intense heat or tremendous pressure Step 2: physically or chemically alters it, make its more dense Note: sedimentary or igneous rock can become metamorphic rock Forces heat and pressure Contact metamorphism: in contact with a heat sources Regional metamorphism: subjected to pressure over a large area Granite Gneiss Sandstone Quartzite Limestone Marble becomes becomes becomes

Each type of rock can be converted into one of the other types. Rock Cycle ...is a model that includes the formation, breakdown, and reformation of rocks as a result of sedimentary, igneous, and/or metamorphic processes. Each type of rock can be converted into one of the other types. Link (4:38): 3 Types of Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Videos About Rocks Flowchart Video 01 (5:37): Igneous Rocks (with flowchart) Video 02 (8:39): Sedimentary Rock (with flowchart) Video 03 (3:59): Metamorphic Rocks (with flowchart) Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Flowchart ---fill in the provided flowchart while watching these videos--- (see the next slide for the flowchart)

Rock Flowchart

Review Questions Notes: Standard 18 cementation

Review Questions Notes: Standard 18

Review Questions Notes: Standard 18

Review Questions Notes: Standard 18

Review Questions Notes: Standard 18